Upper Forelimb and Hindlimb Flashcards
What makes up the carpal canal?
Dorsal, proximal and lateral wall?
Dorsal: ALDDFT
Medial: ALSDFT
Lateral: Accessory carpal bone
What is tenosynovitis?
Inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (synovium) that surrounds a tendon
How are closed, incomplete radial fractures managed?
Conservatively: Full limb bandage + splint + head-tie
What part of the ulna is commonly fractured? What clinical sign would you see?
Olecranon
Acute lameness, dropped elbow stance +/- wound
Why can’t ulna fractures be treated conservatively?
Delayed/non-healing due to pull of triceps
What is OCD?
Joint condition where bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies (and separates) due to lack of blood flow
Where does OCD often occur in the shoulder?
Glenoid cavity
Where does OC occur in the:
Elbow?
Shoulder?
Osseous cyst-like lesions in the:
Proximal radius
Distal scapula
What breeds of horse is shoulder dysplasia and subluxation seen in?
What is the treatment?
Shetland/Miniature breeds
Mainly PTS, often recurs after reduction under GA
(shoulder arthrodesis a possibility?)
Where is OCD seen most commonly in the hindlimb and in what horses?
What is the presenting sign?
Young horses (WBs)
Lateral trochlear ridge
Stifle effusion
How is the treatment of OCD of the stifle different in horses less or more than 12 months?
What does each treatment involve?
< 12months: Conservative
Diet, exercise restriction
>12months: Surgery
Remove osteochondral fragments and currettage (down to healthy subchondral bone)
When do OCLLs present and what location is most common?
What is the presenting sign?
1-3 years (later than OCD)
Medial femoral condyle
Very lame!
What is the best treatment for OCLL?
Inject cyst under GA with corticosteroids
Which meniscal ligament is more commonly injured?
Medial
What is the treatment and prognosis of a tibial tuberosity fracture?
Conservative
Good outcome
What does the patella do in the stay apparatus?
How is it unlocked?
Hooks over the medial trochlear ridge of femur
Unlocked by quadriceps
What is upward fixation of the patella?
What treatments are recommended?
Quadriceps muscle dysfunction (e.g. rested, poor confirmation) fails to unlock patella
Limb is locked in extension and dragged (dorsal toe wear)
Exercise/build up muscle
Splitting/injection of medial patellar ligament
Why is medial patellar desmotomy contraindicated?
Associated with secondary patellar fragmentation
What types of cartilage line the sacroiliac joint?
Sacral surface: hyaline
Ilial surface: fibrocartilage
What is the most common pelvic fracture and in what horses does it present?
Iliac wing fracture
Skeletally immature TBs, racehorses
What is the prognosis for acetabular or ilial shaft fractures?
Poor
Reduced pelvic diameter in iliac shaft fractures
What confirmation does sacroiliac disease present in? What breeds?
What is the difference between the treatment of acute and chronic disease?
Large frame, long back, WEAK QUARTERS
Warmbloods
Acute: REST
Chronic: WORK
