Upper Extremity: Shoulder, Axilla, & Superficial Back, Scapular region

Question 1

The scapula lies on the posterior chest wall between which ribs?

Answer 1

2nd and 7th ribs

Question 2

What are the major defining features of the scapula

Borders, Angles, Surfaces, Large bony processes

Answer 2

• 3 Borders (lateral, medial, superior)
• 3 angles (lateral, superior, inferior)
• 2 surfaces (dorsal, coastal)
• 3 bony processes (acromion, spine, coracoid)

Question 3

On the lateral aspect of the superior border (near the base of the coracoid process) is the scapular notch bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament

What passes superior (1) and inferior (2) to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

The ARMY goes over the bridge and the NAVY goes under

Answer 3

(1) suprascapular artery
(2) suprascapular nerve

Question 4

() is a fibrocartilage ring that rims the margin of the glenoid cavity and serves to broaden and deepen the joint cavity

Answer 4

Glenoid labrum

Question 5

Identify major parts of the scapula

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the articulations of the humerus bone

Answer 6

(1) glenoid cavity of the scapula

(2) head of the radius and trochlear notch of the ulna (elbow joint)

Question 7

Important parts of the humerus

Answer 7

Question 8

The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form what joint in the shoulder joint complex?

Answer 8

Glenohumeral joint

Question 9

Part of the Humeral Bone:

Is the interface between the proximal extremity and the shaft of the humerus

has important relations with the axillary nerve and the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

Fractures here are common

Answer 9

Surgical neck - of the humeral bone

Question 10

Part of the Humeral Bone:

The intertubercular (bicipital) groove is the deep groove on the anterior surface of the humerus that separated the greater and lesser tubercles.

What structure does it house?

Answer 10

tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 11

Part of the Humeral Bone:

(1) roughened elevation on the lateral proximal end of the humerus

(2) roughened elevation on the anterior proximal end (medial) of the humerus

Answer 11

(1) greater tubercle

(2) lesser tubercle

Question 12

Part of the Humeral Bone:

Attachment area for the deltoid muscle; posterior edge of the tuberosity defines the frooove for the radial nerve

Answer 12

Deltoid tuberosity

Position on the anterolateral surface of the midshaft of the humerus

Question 13

Part of the Humeral Bone:

shallow depression that spirals around the posterior and lateral aspects of the midshaft of the humerus

Most distinct where it lies between the deltoid tuberosity and the upper end of the lateral supracondylar ridge

Answer 13

Spiral Groove

Question 14

Part of the Humeral Bone:

attachment of the common extensor tendon (tendon of origin for several superficial forearm extensor muscles)

Answer 14

Lateral epicondyle

Question 15

Part of the Humeral Bone:

The ulnar nerve crosses the posterior surface of this epicondyle in the shallow ulnar sulcus - what is the epicondyle

Answer 15

medial epicondyle

Question 16

Part of the Humeral Bone:

Articulates with the head of the radius - shape allows for both flexion/extension and rotation at the humeroradial joint

Answer 16

capitulum

Question 17

a pyramid shaped space between the upper part of the arm and the side of the chest

forms an important passage for the nerves, blood vessels and lymph channels

Answer 17

Axilla or armpit

Question 18

4 walls of the axilla

Answer 18

(1) anterior wall: pectoralis major & minor, subclavius

(2) posterior wall: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres major muscles

(3) medial wall: upper 4 or 5 ribs and their intercostal spaces

(4) lateral wall: coracobrachialis & biceps muscle

Contents: axillary artery, axillary vein, lymph vessels and nodes, brachial plexus

Question 19

Branches of the Axillary artery

Answer 19

Question 20

Axillary vein is from the union of what 2 venae comitantes

Answer 20

brachial vein and basilic vein

Question 21

Brachial Plexus

Need to memorize

Answer 21

Question 22

Brachial Plexus Distribution 1

Need to Memorize

Answer 22

Question 23

Brachial Plexus Distribution 2

Need to Memorize

Answer 23

Question 24

Lymph nodes of the upper extremity

Answer 24

(1) anterior - pectoral group
(2) posterior - subscapular group
(3) lateral group
(4) central group
(5) infraclavicular - deltopectoral group
(6) apical group

Question 25

Pectoral Region Muscles

Answer 25

Question 26

Superficial group of muscles of the back

(trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major)

connects the shoulder girdle with the ventral column

Answer 26

Question 27

Muscles of the scapular region

(deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis)

Connects the shoulder girdle with the upper part of the humerus

Answer 27

Question 28

Significance of the Quadranglular space

Answer 28

Contains the:
(1) axillary nerve
(2) posterior circumflex humeral vessels

Question 29

Boundaries of the Quadrangular or Quadrilateral space

Answer 29

• superiorly: subscapularis m., teres minor m., capsule of the shoulder joint
• inferiorly: teres major
• medially : long head of triceps brachii m.
• laterally : surgical neck of the humerus

Question 30

Triangular space contents

Answer 30

circuflex artery - branch of the subcapsular artery

Question 31

Triangular space boundaries

Answer 31

• superiorly: teres major m.
• inferiorly: teres minor m.
• laterally: long head of triceps brachi m.

Question 32

What nerve arises from teh posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5 & C6)

Answer 32

Axillary nerve

Axillary nerve and the circumflex humeral vessels have close relations to the surgical neck and can be readily damaged in association with fracture in the surgical neck

Question 33

Branches of the Axillary nerve

Answer 33

• articular branch - supply the shoulder joint
• anterior terminal branch - supply the deltoid
• posterior terminal branch - branches to teres minor and deltoid; superior or lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

Question 34

Anastamosis of the shoulder joint is found between the

Answer 34

between the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery and the third part of the axillary artery