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Gross Anatomy - Snell's > Lower Extremity - Leg > Flashcards

Lower Extremity - Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Largest sesamoid bone -
triangular in shape where apex lies inferiorly

A

Patella

Kneecap - bone that sits on top of the knee joint

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2
Q

The patella bone lies within what muscle?

(infront of the knee joint)

A

Quadriceps femoris

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3
Q

The patella is connected to the tibia by what ligament

A

Patellar ligament or ligamentum patellae

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3
Q

Lies superficial to the patella (infront), deep to the skin (behind)

A

prepatellar bursa

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4
Q

Large weight-bearing MEDIAL bone of the leg

A

Tibia

Articulations:
- ABOVE: condyles of the femur & head of the fibula
- BELOW: distal end of the fibula & talus

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5
Q

Slender LATERAL bone of the leg

Provides attachment for muscles BUT takes no part in body weight transmission

A

Fibula

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6
Q

True or False

Both the tibia and fibula has an expanded upper end, shaft, and smaller lower end

A

TRUE

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7
Q

The largest and most complex joint is the knee joint

what are its 2 main parts?

A
  1. paired condylar joints (medial & lateral) between femur and tibia
  2. gliding joint between patella and patellar surface of the femur
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8
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A
  • Synovial HINGE joint: between femur and tibia
  • Synovial GLIDING joint: between patella and femur
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9
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A
  • Synovial HINGE joint: between femur and tibia
  • Synovial GLIDING joint: between patella and femur
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10
Q

Fibrous lining that surrounds the articular surface of the knee joint at the sides and posterior area

A

Capsule

Anteriorly, the capsule is absent which allows the synovial membrane to pouch upward forming the suprapatellar bursa

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11
Q

The knee joint capsule is strengthened by

A

Laterally: vastus lateralis and medialis
Posteriorlly: oblique popliteal ligament

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12
Q

Enumerate the extracapsular ligaments of the knee joint

A
  • ligamentum patellae (patellar ligament)
  • lateral collateral ligament
  • medial collateral ligament
  • oblique popliteal ligament
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13
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee joint:

A continuation of the central portion of the common tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

Plays an important role in the extension (STANDING) of the knee

A

Ligamentum patellae

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14
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee:

The oblique popliteal ligament is derived from what muscle

A

Semimembranosus muscle

OPL strengthens the posterior aspect of the capsule

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15
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee:

Prevents excessive varus

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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16
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee:

Prevents excessive valgus

The most important ligament of the 4 - extracapsular ligament

A

Medial collateral ligament

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17
Q

Enumerate the intracapsular ligaments

A
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
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18
Q

Intracapsular ligament of the knee:

Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

When knee joint is flexed, the ligament prevents the tibia from being pulled anteriorly relative to the femur

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

From anterior > upward, backward, lateral

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19
Q

Intracapsular ligament of the knee

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

When knee joint is flexed, this ligament prevents tibia from being pushed posteriorly relative to the femur

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

From posterior > upward, FORWARD, medial

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20
Q

C-shaped sheets of fibrocartilage

Function to:
- deepen the articular surfaces for better fitting
- cushion between 2 bones
- distribute forces

A

Menisci

  • peripheral border is thick and centrally thin
  • concave and forms free edge
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21
Q

Which menisci is:
(1) more prone to tears; attaches to the medial collateral ligament
(2) more mobile

A

(1) medial meniscus
(2) lateral meniscus

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22
Q

Enumerate the Nerve Supply of the knee joint

A
  1. femoral nerve
  2. obturator nerve
  3. common fibular nerve
  4. tibial nerve
23
Q

Enumerate the movements of the knee joint

A
  1. flexion
  2. extension
  3. lateral rotation
  4. medial rotation
24
Q

Popliteal fossa is the diamond-shaped intermuscular space at the back of the knee

What are its contents?

More prominent when knee joint is flexed

A

Vessels:
- popliteal artery & veins
- small saphenous vein

Nerves:
- common fibular nerve
- tibial nerve
- posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- obturator nerve (genicular branch)

Others:
- connective tissue
- lymph nodes

25
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

POSTERIOR WALL:
* skin
* superficial fascia
* deep fascia of the thigh

ANTERIOR WALL:
* popliteal surface of the femur
* capsule of the knee joint
* popliteus muscle

MEDIALLY (superior to inferior):
* semimembranosus and semitendinosus
* gastrocnemius - medial head

LATERALLY (superior to inferior):
* biceps femoris
* gastrocnemius - lateral head
* plantaris

26
Q

Muscle of the popliteal fossa

plays a key role in the movement of the knee joint - flexes the knee and lateral/medial rotation

Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia when the foor is on the ground is referred to as unlocking the knee joint

A

Popliteus Muscle

27
Q

Blood supply of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

  • from the femoral artery
  • divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • enters via the adductor hiatus
28
Q

Venous drainage of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal vein

(junctions of the venae comitantes of the ant. and post. tibial arteries > * > femoral vein)

29
Q

Receive lymph from the

  • lateral side of the foot and leg
  • knee joint

accompany small saphenous vein in popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal Lymph Vessels

30
Q

Nerve supply of the popliteal fossa

A
  1. posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  2. obturtaor nerve
  3. common peroneal nerve
  4. tibial nerve
31
Q

Largest terminal branch of the sciatic nerve

  • arises in the lower 3rd of the thigh
  • enters posterior compartment of the leg passing beneath soleus muscle
A

Tibal nerve

32
Q

Smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve

  • arises in the lower 3rd of the thigh
A

Common peroneal nerve

33
Q

Nerves that terminates by supplying the skin over the popliteal fossa

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

34
Q

Posterior division leaves subsartorial canal with femoral artery through adductor hiatus

It terminates by supplying the knee joint

A

Obturator nerve

35
Q

What strutures divide the leg into 3 compartments namely: anterior, posterior, and lateral

A
  • interosseous membrane
  • (2) intermuscular septa, continuation of the deep fascia of the thigh
36
Q

Thickening of the deep fascia at the ankle area

Funtions to:
- keep the long tendons around the ankle joint in position
- prevent the long tendons from bowstringing
- act as pulley

A

Ankle Retinacula

37
Q

Enumerate the ankle retinacula

A
  1. superior extensor retinaculum
  2. inferior extensor retinaculum
  3. flexor retinaculum
  4. superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum
  5. inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum
38
Q

Ankle Retinacula:

attached to the distal ends of the anterior borders of the fibula and the tibia

A

Superior extensor retinaculum

39
Q

Ankle Retinacula:

Y-shaped band

  • Located in front of the ankle joint
  • Fibrous bands separate the tendons into sompartments lined by synovial sheath
A

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

40
Q
  • extends downward and backward from the medial malleolus to attach to the medial surface of the calcaneum
  • binds the tendons of the deep muscles of the back of the leg to the back of the medial malleolus
  • lie in compartments lined by a synovial sheath
A

Flexor retinaculum

41
Q
  • connects the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneum
  • binds the tendons of the fibularis longus and brevis to the back of the lateral malleolus
  • have a common synovial sheath
A

Superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum

42
Q
  • binds the tendons of the fibularis longus and brevis muscles to the lateral side of the calcaneum
  • tendons each possess a synovial sheath, that is continuous above with the common sheath
A

Inferior Fibular (Peroneal) Retinaculum

43
Q

Contents of the Anterior fascial compartments of the leg

A

MUSCLES:
* tibialis anterior
* extensor digitorum longus
* fibularis tertius
* extensor hallucis longus

BLOOD SUPPLY:
* anterior tibial artery

NERVE SUPPLY:
* deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

44
Q

Smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery, becomes the dorsalis pedis artery in front of the ankle joint after passing the level of the malleoli

A

anterior tibial artery

After passing deep to the superior extensor retinaculum:
- medial side - tendon of the extensor hallucis longus
- lateral side - deep fibular (peroneal) nerve and tendon of the extensor digitorum longus

45
Q

One of the terminal branches of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve - passes deep to the extensor retinacula and continues into the foot

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Branches:
* Muscular branch to the anterior compartment
* Articular branch to the ankle joint

46
Q

Contents of the lateral fascial compartments of the leg

A

MUSCLES
* fibularis longus
* fibularis brevis

BLOOD SUPPLY
* branches from the fibular artery

NERVE SUPPLY
* superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

47
Q

Branches of the popliteal artery

A
  1. anterior tibial artery
  2. posterior tibial artery
  3. fibular artery
48
Q

One of the branches of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve descends between the fibularis longus and brevis muscles and becomes cutaneous in the lower part of the leg

A

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

Branches
* Muscular branch to the lateral compartment
* Cutaneous branch

49
Q

Contents of the Posterior fascial compartments of the leg

A

MUSCLES-superficial group:
* gastrocnemius
* plantaris
* soleus

MUSCLES-deep group:
* popliteus
* flexor digitorum longus
* flexor hallucis longus
* tibialis posterior

BLOOD SUPPLY:
* posterior tibial artery

NERVE SUPPLY:
* tibial nerve

50
Q

Branches of the posterior tibial artery:

A
  1. fibular artery
  2. muscular branches
  3. nutrient artery to the tibia
  4. anastomotic branches
  5. medial plantar arteries
  6. lateral plantar arteries
  7. venae comitantes
51
Q

Which vessel give rise to the medial plantar arteries

A

Posterior tibial artery

52
Q

Where is the ligamentum patellae attached

A

tibial tuberosity

53
Q

Vessel anterior to the medial malleolus

A

Great saphenous vein

54
Q

Vessel posterior to the lateral malleolus

A

small saphenous vein

Gross Anatomy - Snell's (35 decks)

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