Thigh and Knee Flashcards
The thigh is divided into how many compartments?
3 compartments:
1. anterior
2. posterior
3. medial
Enumerate the Anterior Fascial Compartment Contents of the Thigh
MUSCLES:
* iliopsoas
* pectineus
* sartorius
* quadriceps femoris - vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris
BLOOD SUPPLY: Femoral Artery
NERVE SUPPLY: Femoral Nerve
Enumerate the Medial Fascial Compartment Contents of the Thigh
MUSCLES:
* obturator externus
* adductor longus
* adductor brevis
* adductor magnus
* gracilis
BLOOD SUPPLY:
* Profunda femoris artery - deep femoral artery
* obturator artery - internal iliac artery
NERVE SUPPLY: Obturator Nerve (L2, 3, 4)
Enumerate the Posterior Fascial Compartment Contents of the Thigh
MUSCLES:
* biceps femoris
* semitendinosus
* semimembranosus
* small part of adductor magnus
BLOOD SUPPLY: branches of the profunda femoris artery
NERVE SUPPLY: Sciatic Nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Function
ACL attached to anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle
Prevents…
* posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
* anterior displacement of the tibia from the femur with the knee joint flexed
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Function
PCL attached to posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle
Prevents…
* anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
* posterior displacement of the tibia from the femur with the knee joint flexed
Positive Drawer Sign
Examination of ruptured cruciate ligament
- ACL - (+) tibia can be pulled excessively forward on the femur
- PCL - (+) tibia can be pushed excessively backward on the femur
The pectineus muscle is innervated by?
Femoral Nerve
What angle does the neck of the femur form with the long axis of the shaft?
125 degrees
neck passes downward, backward, and laterally
about 160 degrees in children
Coxa valga
increase in the angle of the neck of the femur
in cases of congenital dislocation of the hip
Coxa vara
decrease in the angle of the neck of the femur
in cases of fractures of the neck and in slipping of the femoral epiphysis
Popliteal Fossa Boundaries
LATERALLY:
* biceps femoris
* lateral head of the gastrocnemius
* plantaris
MEDIALLY:
* semimembranosus
* semitendinosus
* medial head of the gastrocnemius
ANTERIOR WALL (FLOOR):
* popliteal surface of the femur
* capsule of the knee joint
* popliteus muscle
ROOF:
* skin
* superficial fascia
* deep fascia of the thigh
Popliteal Fossa Contents
- popliteal vessels
- small saphenous vein
- common fibular (peroneal) nerve
- tibial nerve
- posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- genicular branch of the obturator nerve
- connective tissue
- lymph nodes
Adductor (subsartorial) canal boundaries
- ANTEROMEDIAL WALL: sartorius
- POST. WALL: addutor longus and magnus
- LATERAL WALL: vastus medialis
Adductor Canal Contents:
- terminal part of the femoral artery
- femoral vein
- deep lymph vessels
- saphenous nerve
- nerve to the vastus medialis
- terminal part of the obturator nerve
Compartments of the Femoral Sheath
- Lateral compartment: femoral artery
- Intermediate compartment: femoral vein
- Medial compartment: lymph vessels
Femoral nerve not in the femoral sheath
The opening of the medial compartment is termed femoral ring leading to the femoral canal
Important relations of the femoral ring
- ANTERIORLY: inguinal ligament
- POSTERIORLY: superior ramus of the pubis
- MEDIALLY: lacunar ligament
- LATERALLY: femoral vein
Common complication at the femoral canal
Femoral Hernia
a protrusion of peritoneum that is forced down the femoral canal, pushing the femoral septum
Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle
- SUPERIORLY: Inguinal ligament
- LATERALLY: sartorius muscle
- MEDIALLY: adductor longus
- FLOOR: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
- ROOF: skin and fasciae of the thigh
Major Contents of the Femoral Triangle
- femoral nerve and its terminal branches
- femoral sheath
- femoral artery and its branches
- femoral vein and its tributaries
- deep inguinal lymph nodes
