Upper Extremity Arthology Flashcards
What is the sternoclavicular joint? What type of joint is it? What is it composed of?
Between the calvicular noth of the manubrium and sternal facet on sternal end of the clavicel
Sellar Synovial joint
articular capsule articular dics Costoclavicular L. Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular L. Interclavicular L.
What is the acromioclavicular joint? What type of joint is it? What is it composed of?
Between the acromial facet of the clavicle and scapula
planar synovial joint
articular capsule articular disc acromioclavicular L. coracocalvicular l. - 2 bands= Trapezoid L. and Conoid L.
What is “shoulder separation”?
injury and separation of the acromioclavicular joint
can seperate with or without rupture of coracoclaviuclar L.
What is the glenohumeral joint? What type of joint is it? What is it composed of?
Between glenoid cavity of scapular head and glenoid labrum of the head of the humerus
spherodial synovial joint
Gelnoid Labrum
Articular Capsule
- fibrous capsule= open in two places for long head of biceps brachi and communication with bursae
- synovial membrane: bursae of the glenohumeral joint (subscapular and subacromial)
Glenohumeral L.
Coracohumeral L.
Transverse Humeral L.
Coracoacromial Arch= contains Coracoacromial L. to prevent superior displacement of the humerus
How does dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint most commonly occur?
anteriorly or inferiorly due to the presences of the Coracoacromial arch
What are the 2 joints in the elbow? What does the elbow contain?
Both are Ginglymus synovial joint
Humeroulnar Joint= trochlear notch of ulna wrapping around humeral trochlea
- ulnar L. of elbow which has anterior, posterior, and oblique band
Humeroradial joint=humeral capitulum with the fovea of the radial head
- radial collateral L. of the elbow
Articular capsule which surrounds
How is the elbow normally dislocated?
posteriorly in response to force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm
usually involves a tear in the ulnar collateral L.
What bursitis is involved in Student’s Elbow, Miner’s Elbow, or Dart thrower’s elbow?
Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis
excessive friction between the skin and olecranon
What are the 3 different articulations between the radius and the ulna? What types of joints are they?
Proximal Radioulnar= trochoid synovial joint
- contains articular capsule and annular L.
- site of pronation and supination
Middle radioulnar= syndesmosis
- contains oblique cord and interosseous membrane
Distal radioulnar= trochoid synovial
- contains articular capsule and articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint
What is the Radiocarpal (wrist) joint? What does it contain?
Condylar Synovial Joint beween distal end of radius, aritcular disc of radioulnar joint, and scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones
articular capsule, aritcular disc of radioulnar joint
Palmar and Dorsal Radiocarpal L.
Palmar and Dorsal Ulnocarpal L.
Radial and Ulnar Collateral L.
What are the intercarpal joints? What type of joint? What do they contain?
Scapholuntae, Lunotriquetrum, Pisotriquetrum, Pisohamate, Trapeziotrapezoid, Capitiohamate, Trapeziocapitate
Planar synovial joints
Articular capsule
Posterior and anterior Intercarpal L.
Interosseous Intercarpal L.
Pisiform Joint with Pisohamate L.
What is a midcarpal joint? What kind of joint is it? What does it contain?
between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
Sellar synovial joint
articular capsule
What kind of join is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
Sellar Synovial joint, from trapezium to 1st metacarpal
contains articular capsule, Palmar and Dorsal Carpometacarpal L.
What kind of joint are the 2nd-5th carpometacarpal joint?
Planar Synovial Joint, from the distal carpal row to the 2nd-5th metacarpal
articular capsule
palamar and dorsal carpometacarpal L.
Psiometacarapal L.
Radiate carpal L.
What kind of joints are the intermetacarpal joints? How many are there? What do they contain?
Planar synovial
4
articular capsule
Dorsal and carpal intermetacarpal L.
Interosseous intermetacarpal L.
What kind of joints are the metacarpophalangeal? How many are there? What do they contain?
Condylar Synovial
5
articular capsule
Palmar L./plate
Medial and lateral collateral L
Deep Transverse Metacarpal L.
What is Bull rider’s thumb?
Sprain of the Lateral Collateral L. or even avulsion of lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What is Skier or Game-keeper’s Thumb?
Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligamaents of the 1st metacarpophalngeal joints causing hyperaBducation of the joint
What kind of joint is the 1st Interphalangeal Joint? What does it contain?
Ginglymus Synovial Joint
Aritcular Capsule
Palamar L./Plate
Medial and Lateral Collateral L.
What kind of joint are the proximal Interphalangeal Joint? How many are there? What do they contain?
Ginglymus Synovial joint, union between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges
4
articular capsule
Palmar L.
Medial and Lateral Collateral L.
What kind of joint are the distal Interphalangeal Joint? How many are there? What do they contain?
Ginglymus Synovial Joint union between 2-5 intermediate and distal phalanges
Articular Capsule
Palmar L./Plate
Medial and Lateral Collateral L.
What is Mallet or baseball finger?
Sudden hyperflexion of the distal interphalangeal joint can avulse the attachment of the long extensor tendon with that tendon away from the distal phalanx
What are the scapular joint movements?
Elevation and depression
Protraction and Retraction
Rotation of the Glenoid Cavity up and down
What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?
Extension and flexion of the arm
Hyperextension of the arm
ABducation and aDducation of the arm
medial and lateral rotation
What are the movements of the elbow joint?
Flexion and extension of forearm
What are the movements of the Radioulnar joint?
pronation (thumb face medially)
supination (thumb facing laterally aka anatomical position)
What are the movements of the wrist?
Extension and felxion of the hand ulnar flexion (medial movement) radial flexion (lateral movement)
What are the movements of the digits?
Extension and flexion
aBduction and aDduction
- these movements are with the middle finger as midline
What are the movements of the thumb?
Extension= lateral movement Flexion= sweeping thumb across palmar surface ABduction= anterior movement from anatomical ADduction= posterior movement from aBducted position Opposition= thumb to pinky Reposition= returning thumb from opposed position
What is the axillary fascia?
Costocoracoid membrane –> clavipecotral fascia –> suspensory L. of axilla
- name changes based on position
surrounds pectoralis minor and keeps the axillary fascia in place
What are the important parts of the fascia of the brachium?
medial and lateral intermuscular septum which separate into anterior and posterior compartments
What are the important parts of the fascia fo the antebrachium?
instead of septa have interosseous membrane to separate anterior (flexors) and posterior (extensors)
focal thickening happens creating extensor retinaculum which holds the extensors in place
palamar carpal L.
flexor retinaculum= stretches across the carpal tunnel, own separate layer not from the extensor retinaclum
What are the important parts of the hand fascia?
Palmarais brevis M.
Lateral and medial fibrous septum for compartmentalization
Palmar aponeurosis (protection)
Retinacula cutis= attaches palmar aponeurosis to palm so skin doesn’t move around
Median nerve
What is a dupuytren contracture?
palmar aponeurosis of hand fascia gets too dense or hard so your hand contracts and you can’t open it back up
What are the compartments of the hand?
Hypothenar Central Interosseous ADductor Thenar
What are Synovial/Ganglion Cysts?
Irritation of the Synovial Sheaths can cause an accumulation of mucopolysaccharide fluid
