Upper extremity Flashcards
Cubital fossa muscles
Medial epicondyle - pronator teres muscle
Lateral epicondyle - brachioradialis muscle
Major extensor muscle of arm
Triceps
- long head (crosses shoulder)
- medial head (posterior humerus- 1’ extensor)
- lateral head (posterior humerus- 1’ extensor)
Primary innervation of posterior arm
Radial nerve
Primary innervation of anterior forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve
What nerve test to test ulnar nerve on forearm
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
What does cubital fossa contain?
TAN
bicep Tendon, brachial Artery, median Nerve
Axilla space contents
Axillary sheath, axillary artery, brachial plexus, axillary vein, lymph nodes, and fat
Axillary space boundaries
Medial- serratus anterior
Posterior- subscapularis
Lateral- humerus
Anterior- pec major and minor
3 joints shoulder
- Glenohumeral joint
- AC joint
- SC joint
Dislocation of shoulder damages…
Glunohumeral joint (anterior and inferior damage) -possible axillary nerve damage (test abduction of shoulder deltoid and sensation of deltoid)
Shoulder separation damages…
AC joint damage
fall onto tip shoulder
Serratus anterior innervation
Long thoracic nerve
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve
Deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve
Trapezius innervation
CN XI
Trapezius nerve fibers and function
Upper-elevation (shoulder shrug)
Middle-retraction (pinch back together)
Lower-depress
Annular ligament
Shoulder ligament- Hold radial head against radial notch against ulna
Fall onto elbow and Elbow effusion, X-ray look normal, what could it be?
Non-displaced fracture radial head
Movements of elbow
Flexion, extension, supination, and protonation
Ulna is fixed by….
Annular ligament
Brachial artery branches into what?
Ulnar artery and radial artery
Common extensor origin and common injury
Lateral epicondyle
Lateral epicondylitis = tennis elbow
Common flexor origin and injury
Medial epicondyle
Golfer’s elbow
Superficial Flexor group muscles forearm:
origin, insertion, action, innervation
Pass, fail, pass, fail
- pronator teres - medial epicondyle humeral head and ulnar head, mid radius, primate forearm an drew flex elbow, median nerve (c6, c7)
- Flexor Capri radialis - medial epicondyle humeral head, MCP 2nd and 3rd digits, flex and abduct wrist, median nerve
- Palmaris longus - medial epicondyle humeral head, flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, flex wrist, median nerve
- Flexor Capri ulnaris - medial epicondyle humeral head, pisiform and hook of hamate, flex and adduct wrist, ulnar nerve (C8, T1, some C7)
Location brachioradialis on forearm
Lateral to pronator teres
Flexor digitorum superficialis action and innervation
Flexes PIP Median nerve (C7, C8)
Flexor digitorum profundus action and innervation
Flexes DIP
Ulnar nerve
Posterior part of arm has predominantly what kind of muscles?
Extensor muscles
Anterior part of arm has predominantly what kind of muscles?
Flexor muscles
3 extensor of wrist
- Extensor Capri radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
Reflex test C6 best test?
Brachioradialis, radial nerve, flex elbow
3 Finger extensor
- Extensor digitorum communist
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor indicis
Thumb extension muscles
Thumbs up
Extensor pollicis brevis ( bottom snuffbox)
Extensor pollicis longus (top snuffbox)
de quervain tenosynovitis
Inflammed tendon sheath covering tendons in snuffbox