Lower extremity Flashcards
3 bones make up hip
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pibis
Joint of hip? What happen if dislocate?
Femoroacetabular joint
- damage sciatic nerve
Ligament that stabalizes hip joint?
Illiofemoral ligament
-Prevent hip tilt posteriorly when stand or walk
Hip dislocation causes hip to move what direction?
Posteriorly
Intracapsular fracture vs extracapsular fracture
Intracapsular - fracture of femoral head or neck
Extracapsular - fracture trochanteric, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric
Intracapsular = risk avascular necrosis of femoral head
Trendelenburg sign
- Pelvis sag opposite side lesion (standing on affected limb)
- damage superior gluteal nerve = weakened gluteus medius
Abductor muscles of hip
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Where insertion of hamstring?
Ischium
Hip extensors and knee flexion
Hamstrings (3) 1. Biceps femoris (travels lateral) - innervation: fibular sciatic nerve 2. Semimembranosus (travels medial knee) - innervation: tibial sciatic nerve 3. Semitendinosus (travels medial knee) - innervation: tibial sciatic nerve Adductor magnus *all orgin at ischial tuberosity **semitendinosus on top semimembranosus
Hip flexion muscles
Psoas and iliacus (iliopsoas)
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
Femoral triangle contents
NAVEL ( lateral to medial) femoral Nerve femoral Artery femoral Vein Empty Lymphatics
Femoral triangle boundaries
Superior: inguineal ligament
Lateral: sartarius
Medial: adductor
Floor: iliopsoas and pectineus
Where femoral herniation goes into…
Femoral canal
Femoral artery turns into _______ after it passes through ________.
Popliteal artery after pass adductor hiatus
Muscles evert foot
Lateral comparment of lower leg
Fibularis longus - attaches to first metacarpal
Fibularis brevis - attach lateral aspect foot
Main joint that plantar flexion and dorsi flexion occur
Talotibial or tibiotalor joint
Main joint foot evert and invert occur
Subtalo joint
Fibularis longus innervation
Superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis innervation
Superficial fibular nerve
Anterior lower leg extensor muscles and innervation
(Dorsal flexion)
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus - extend big toe
Extensor digitorum longus - extend other toes
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Popliteal fossa contents
Popliteal artery and vein Sciatic nerve (branch into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve)
Boundaries popliteal fossa
Medial: semimembranosus and semitendinosus
Lateral: biceps femoris
Posterior lower leg muscles: superficial
Form what?
- Gastrocnemius muscle (medial and lateral head)
- Soleus muscle (under gastrocnemius)
Form/insert to make calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
Where Achilles tear occur?
Musculocutaneous junction
Posterior lower leg muscles: deep
Popliteus
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior- flex ankle and invert foot
Medial ankle contents (anterior to posterior)
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus tibial Artery tibialis Vein tibialis Nerve flexor Hallucis longus
Eversion ankle injury (hit from side) damages what? Arch toward ground
Damage deltoid ligament (medial stabilizer)
Inversion ankle injury damages what? arch go up.
High ankle sprain?
Damage anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
High ankle sprain- damage anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Lateral collateral lig (LCL) and lateral meniscus are…
Not connected, don’t have to injury together, but usually do
Medial collateral ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus are…
Connected, always injury together
