Lower extremity

Question 1

3 bones make up hip

Answer 1

1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pibis

Question 2

Joint of hip? What happen if dislocate?

Answer 2

Femoroacetabular joint

- damage sciatic nerve

Question 3

Ligament that stabalizes hip joint?

Answer 3

Illiofemoral ligament

-Prevent hip tilt posteriorly when stand or walk

Question 4

Hip dislocation causes hip to move what direction?

Answer 4

Posteriorly

Question 5

Intracapsular fracture vs extracapsular fracture

Answer 5

Intracapsular - fracture of femoral head or neck
Extracapsular - fracture trochanteric, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric
Intracapsular = risk avascular necrosis of femoral head

Question 6

Trendelenburg sign

Answer 6

• Pelvis sag opposite side lesion (standing on affected limb)
• damage superior gluteal nerve = weakened gluteus medius

Question 7

Abductor muscles of hip

Answer 7

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Question 8

Where insertion of hamstring?

Answer 8

Ischium

Question 9

Hip extensors and knee flexion

Answer 9

Hamstrings (3)
1. Biceps femoris (travels lateral)
- innervation: fibular sciatic nerve
2. Semimembranosus (travels medial knee)
- innervation: tibial sciatic nerve
3. Semitendinosus (travels medial knee)
- innervation: tibial sciatic nerve
Adductor magnus
*all orgin at ischial tuberosity
**semitendinosus on top semimembranosus

Question 10

Hip flexion muscles

Answer 10

Psoas and iliacus (iliopsoas)
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

Question 11

Femoral triangle contents

Answer 11

NAVEL ( lateral to medial)
femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
Empty 
Lymphatics

Question 12

Femoral triangle boundaries

Answer 12

Superior: inguineal ligament
Lateral: sartarius
Medial: adductor
Floor: iliopsoas and pectineus

Question 13

Where femoral herniation goes into…

Answer 13

Femoral canal

Question 14

Femoral artery turns into _______ after it passes through ________.

Answer 14

Popliteal artery after pass adductor hiatus

Question 15

Muscles evert foot

Answer 15

Lateral comparment of lower leg
Fibularis longus - attaches to first metacarpal
Fibularis brevis - attach lateral aspect foot

Question 16

Main joint that plantar flexion and dorsi flexion occur

Answer 16

Talotibial or tibiotalor joint

Question 17

Main joint foot evert and invert occur

Answer 17

Subtalo joint

Question 18

Fibularis longus innervation

Answer 18

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 19

Fibularis brevis innervation

Answer 19

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 20

Anterior lower leg extensor muscles and innervation

Answer 20

(Dorsal flexion)
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus - extend big toe
Extensor digitorum longus - extend other toes
Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Question 21

Popliteal fossa contents

Answer 21

Popliteal artery and vein
Sciatic nerve (branch into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve)

Question 22

Boundaries popliteal fossa

Answer 22

Medial: semimembranosus and semitendinosus
Lateral: biceps femoris

Question 23

Posterior lower leg muscles: superficial

Form what?

Answer 23

1. Gastrocnemius muscle (medial and lateral head)
2. Soleus muscle (under gastrocnemius)
   Form/insert to make calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Question 24

Where Achilles tear occur?

Answer 24

Musculocutaneous junction

Question 25

Posterior lower leg muscles: deep

Answer 25

Popliteus Flexor hallicus longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior- flex ankle and invert foot

Question 26

Medial ankle contents (anterior to posterior)

Answer 26

``` Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus tibial Artery tibialis Vein tibialis Nerve flexor Hallucis longus ```

Question 27

Eversion ankle injury (hit from side) damages what? Arch toward ground

Answer 27

Damage deltoid ligament (medial stabilizer)

Question 28

Inversion ankle injury damages what? arch go up. | High ankle sprain?

Answer 28

Damage anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament High ankle sprain- damage anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Question 29

Lateral collateral lig (LCL) and lateral meniscus are...

Answer 29

Not connected, don't have to injury together, but usually do

Question 30

Medial collateral ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus are...

Answer 30

Connected, always injury together