Upper Extremity Flashcards
_______ is a continuation of the spine of the scapula
Acromion (posterior)
______ connects the coracoid process to the clavicle.
Coraclavicular ligament
_____ connects the acromion to the clavicle
Acromioclavicular ligament
______ connects it to itself, Coracoid and Acromion. Helps to stabilize
Coracoacromial ligament- would need a fracture of the scapula in order to stress this ligament
Type I shoulder joint separation
Stretch and damage AC joint but nothing is ruptured
Type II
AC joint is ruptured and stress CC
Type III shoulder separation
AC and CC are both ruptured
In what type of shoulder separation is the clavicle raised up and lump in their neck?
Type III
______ articulates the humerus to the radius
Capitulum
______ is where the humerus and ulnar articulate
Trochlea
______ is a common place to fracture the humerus because it narrows and it is outside the joint capsule
Surgical neck of the humerus
_______ is significantly larger in people who work manual labor jobs. Why?
Deltoid tuberosity, because it is a site for muscle attachment.
Lateral epidcondyle and ridge is where Extensors or flexors attach?
Extensors
Medial epidcondyle and ridge is where Extensors or flexors attach?
Flexors
_______ is the point of the elbow. What bone is it on?
Olecranon process, Ulna
What is weird about the Ulna?
The “head” is distal (closer to the wrist)
What inserts at the Ulnar Tubersoity?
Brachiliasis muscle
What inserts at the Radial tuberosity?
Biceps Brachi
What three ligaments are responsible for the elbow?
Radial collateral, Ulnar collateral and annular
What ligament does Tommy John’s Sx repair?
Ulnar collateral
Nursemaid’s elbow is displacement of what ligament? What bone is displaced?
Annular ligament, radial head
____ is the boat shaped carpal bone
Scaphoid
_____ is stickying out of the carpal bones (palmar side)
Pisiform
______ (hand bone) is on the thumb side
Trapezium
Rank the joints in the hand from most moveable to least moveable.
- Radiocarpal joint (most “flexible”)
- Intercarpal joint (middle)
- Carpometacarpal joint (Least)
The _____ only has a proximal and distal phalanges
Thumb (digit 1)
Digits 2-5 has ____, ____ and _____.
Proximal, middle and distal phalanges
What are the 3 joints in the phalanges called?
MCP- Metacarpophalangeal joint
PIP- Proximal interphalangeal joint
DIP- distal interphalangeal joint
The flexor retinaculum connects what 3 carpal bones?
Pisiform, hamate and trapezium
______ is the top of the carpal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum
Hyperextension injury tears what ligament in the hand?
Palmar plates
_______ takes the most of the weight when you fall on your hand
Scaphoid bone
Colle fractures is a fracture of what bone?
fracture of the distal radius
_______ is responsible for holding the scapula to the body wall
Serratus Anterior
_____ starts abbduction of the arm
Supraspinatus
____ and ___ rotate the humerus
Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
_____ internally rotates the arm
Subscapularis
4 Rotator Cuff muscles
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Subscapularis
- Teres Minor
______ is testing the supraspinatus
Drop arm test
Scratch back from above (Externally rotate the arm)
Infraspinatus muscle
Scratch back from below (internally rotate the arm)
Subscapularis muscle
______ are lubricating sacs that help prevent friction
Bursae
Pectoralis major attaches to ____
Intertubulcar sulcus of the humerus
Anterior compartment of the arm is responsible for ____
Flexing the arm at the elbow
Deep to the biceps brachii is the ______
Brachialis
_______ shares most of its functions with the Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
_______ is responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm
Biceps Brachii
_______ is small, posterior arm muscles, mostly responsible for stablization. Some extension of the forearm
Anconeus
_____ on the anterior side
flexors
____ on the posterior side
extensors
_____ muscle move the wrist and entire hand
Carpi
____ muscles move the digits
Digitorum
_____ muscles move the thumb
Pollicis
____ muscles specifically move the index finger- 2nd digit
Indicis
_____ muscles specifically move the little finger- 5th digit
Digiti minimi
______ acts like a flexor even though it is on the posterior side
Brachioradialis
_____ and ____ both extend the 5th digit
Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Digiti Minimi
_____ wraps around the radius
Supinator
crank your thumb backwards
is extension
Flexion of the thumb in….
folding it in over your palm
_____ is important because it has a big, long tendon that can be used as an autograph for surgery
Palmaris longus
The _____ is responsible for the flexion of the DIP joint
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
What is tennis elbow?
Lateral Epicondylitis
What is golfer’s elbow?
Medial Epicondylitis
The ______ usually communicate with the common flexor sheath versus the rest of the digits are independent tendon sheaths.
Synovial sheath of the 5th digit
_____ is not part of the thenar eminence
Adductor Pollicis
______ attach to the tendons in the hand and help extend the phalanges
Lumbricals
The Lumbricals are ____ until they reach the MCP and then they go _____
palmar, dorsal
_____ are found with the tendon sheath to help reduce friction
synovial fluid
What nerve roots are the major contributors to the upper limbs?
C5-T1
The more promixal the muscles, what nerves are it more likely to be innervated by?
Superior nerves
The more distal the muscle, what nerves are it more likely to be innervated by?
Inferior nerves
C5 Dermatome
Lateral shoulder
C6 Dermatome
First digit (Thumb)
C7 Dermatome
3rd Digit
C8 Dermatome
5th Digit- pinky
T1 Dermatome
Medial elbow
The “roots” in the brachial plexus are actually what?
Anterior Rami
C5 and C6 form to become what trunk?
Superior Trunk
C7 is what trunk of the brachial plexus?
Middle
C8 and T1 fuse to become what trunk?
Inferior Trunk
Superior and Middle anterior divisions form ____
Lateral cord
Inferior anterior forms what ?
Medial cord
The superior posterior, middle posterior and inferior posterior all fuse to become ____
Posterior cord- extensor muscles
Lateral cord innverates _____
Musculocutaneous nerve
Medial cords innverates _____
ulnar nerve
______ and _____ form the median nerve.
Lateral and Medial Cord