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JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 > Thorax part 2 > Flashcards

Thorax part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you determine if you have a right or left dominant heart? Which one will you see more often in patients?

A

Imaging, to see what vessel does the posterior interventricular branch come off of

Right in about 85% of patients

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2
Q

The coronary arteries supplies the ??

A

Heart

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3
Q

Right common carotid supplies the ???

A

Right head and neck

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4
Q

Right subclavian supplies the ??

A

Right neck and right upper limb

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5
Q

Intercostal and lumbar branches supply the ??

A

body wall

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6
Q

Celiac trunk supplies the ??

A

Foregut

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7
Q

Superior Mesenteric artery supplies the ???

A

Midgut

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8
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies the ???

A

Hindgut

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9
Q

Posterior branches of the internal iliac artery supplies the ??

A

Muscles of pelvis

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10
Q

Anterior branches of the internal iliac artery supplies the ??

A

Pelvic viscera

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11
Q

External iliac arteries supplies the ???

A

Lower limbs

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12
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica Adventitia

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13
Q

What layer of blood vessel

______ endothelium + subendothelial connective tissue

A

Tunica intima

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14
Q

What layer of blood vessel

_____ smooth muscle & elastic fibers (large vessels. This layer is good at stopping clots

A

Tunica intima

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15
Q

What layer of blood vessel

_____ dense irregular CT with some elastic fibers

A

Tunica adventitia

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16
Q

Large vessels have their own vessels called _____

A

vasa vasorum

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17
Q

Large vessels have their own nerves called _____

A

nervi vasorum

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18
Q

In Arteriosclerosis, what layer does the fatty deposits deposit themselves?

A

Tunica intima

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19
Q

______ Smooth muscle cell proliferation that may occlude vessel often following angioplasty or stenting of a vessel.

A

Restenosis

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20
Q

Capillaries have a _____ layer of endothelium

A

single

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21
Q

Capillaries (have/do not have) tunica media or adventitia

A

DO NOT HAVE

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22
Q

____ capillaries have continuous endothelium and basal lamina. They are located throughout the majority of your body

A

Continuous capillaries

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23
Q

_____ capillaries have a tight junction and contribute to a blood-brain barrier

A

Continuous

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24
Q

_____ capillaries have a thin endothelium with large openings covered by basal lamina. Located in GI tract, endocrine glands, renal capillaries, choroid plexus, & ciliary body

A

Fenestrated

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25
Q

_______ capillaries are in areas that require substances to pass to/from the blood and surrounding tissues quickly.

A

Fenestrated

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26
Q

_______ in liver & hematopoietic organs (spleen, liver, bone marrow). Irregular walls, wide gaps between cells, large fenestrations, incomplete basal lamina

A

Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillaries

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27
Q

Capillaries drain to ______ which combine, enlarge, and gain smooth muscle to become _____ that are similar to arterioles but “thinner” and not as circular

A

venules

muscular veins

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28
Q

How are arterioles different from muscular veins

A

Muscular veins are thinner and not as circular

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29
Q

How much of the blood volume is in the veins at any given time

A

approx 70%

30
Q

What causes venous blood to travel upwards?

A

muscle contraction

30
Q

What do veins have that arteries do not

A

valves

31
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Decrease in muscle tone and failure of the venous valves

32
Q

What is a DVT?

A

Deep vein thromboses, blood clot inside the vein

33
Q

The heart is surrounded by an (elastic/inelastic) covering called the _____

A

inelastic

Pericardium

34
Q

The transverse pericardial sinus separates ___ and ___ vessels. What do they each contain

A

outflow: Pulmonary and aortic vessels

and

Inflow: Pulmonary veins and vena cavae vessels

35
Q

The parietal pericardium has two fused layers, what are they

A

Fibrous pericardium- External

Serous pericardium- inner surface

36
Q

What layer of the heart secretes fluid to lubricate the heart as it beats in the pericardial sac

A

Serous pericardium

37
Q

_______ this extremely serious condition occurs when blood or other fluid pools deep to the inelastic parietal pericardium.

A

Cardiac tamponade

38
Q

What is the Beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade present with what three things

A
  1. Low blood pressure
  2. Weak heart valve sounds
  3. Jugulo-venous distension
39
Q

What kind of cells move mucous?

A

ciliated cells

40
Q

What kind of cells create mucous?

A

Goblet cells

41
Q

In what three places is there actual gas exchange occuring?

A

Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
alveolus

42
Q

The pathway air takes is:

A

Nasal cavity -> Nasopharynx -> Oropharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi

43
Q

______ whirls of mucosa-covered bone that project into the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

44
Q

The nasopharynx has ______ that coats the respiratory pathway up to terminal bronchioles

A

Respiratory epithelium

45
Q

True vocal folds are comprised of what kind of tissue?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covers the core of dense connective tissue

46
Q

What is present in the trachea to prevent it from collapsing?

A

Cartilage C shaped ring- also allows the esophagus to expand when eating

47
Q

The _____ bronchus is more vertical

A

Right

48
Q

Secondary bronchi head to each ____ of the lung. How many does the right have? How many does the left have?

A

lobe

Right has 3

Left has 2

49
Q

_____ bronchi travel to each pulmonary segment

A

Tertiary

50
Q

All bronchi have _____ and _____ in their walls, lined by respiratory epithelium

A

cartilages plates and smooth muscle

51
Q

What is it called when you have fluid in the lungs? Is it possible to have it only in one specific section of the lung?

A

pneumonia

YES

52
Q

During a Segmentectomy, what else do you take along with it?

A

Also take its tertiary bronchus

53
Q

During a lobectomy, what else do you take along with it?

A

Also takes it’s secondary bronchus

54
Q

During a pneumonectomy, what else do you take along with it?

A

also take it’s primary bronchus

55
Q

_____ branch off the aorta and supply the conducting tissues of the respiratory system

A

Bronchial arteries

56
Q

_____ drain into the azygos system of veins then to the right atrium

A

Bronchial veins

57
Q

What are the goblet cells in smaller airways called?

A

Club cells (or bronchiolar exocrine cells)

57
Q

Alveolar ducts are lined by simple squamous epithelium, _____ and ______.

A

Type I and Type II pneumocytes

58
Q

True/False: There are NO ciliated or bronchiolar exocrine cells in alveolar ducts

A

True

59
Q

Type I pneumocytes are _____ and cover approximately ____ % of the alveolar surface

A

FLAT, 95%

60
Q

What are type I pneumocytes responsible for?

A

Gas diffusion through their cytoplasm

61
Q

Type II pneumocytes are the (minority/majority). They cover approx ____% of alveolar surface

A

Majority

5%

62
Q

True/False: Type II pneumocytes can only regenerate and divide other type IIs.

A

False; they divide and regenerate BOTH pneumocyte types

63
Q

Name a responsibility of the Type II pneumocyte

A

Release surfactant

64
Q

_____ inhalation of fine sand particles can cause nodules to form in the lungs when these fine bits of silicon elicit an inflammatory reaction.

A

pneumoconiosis

65
Q

What is the most distal portion of the respiratory track that contains smooth muscle in the walls?

A

Alveolar ducts

66
Q

The right lobe has ____ lobes

A

3

67
Q

The left lung has ___ lobes

A

2

68
Q

What is it called with lymph fills the pleural space?

A

Chylothorax

JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 (14 decks)

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