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JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 > Abdomen 3+4+5- Exam 4 > Flashcards

Abdomen 3+4+5- Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the triangle of Calot?

A

Inferior border of liver
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct

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2
Q

What is fluid in the abdomen called?

A

ascites

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3
Q

Where does the lymph from the abdomen and lower limbs flow? Then where? then where?

A

Cisterna chyli

Thoracic duct

LEFT subclavian vein

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4
Q

Where does the foregut, midgut and hindgut venous system drain to ?

A

hepatic veins

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5
Q

The abdominal body wall is lined by a serous (fluid-secreting) layer called the ______

A

peritoneum

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6
Q

A _____ is created whenever two sheets of peritoneum meet on the posterior body wall and travel anteriorly to surround an organ.

A

mesentery

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7
Q

Name the 10 organs that are intraperitoneal

A

stomach, liver, spleen, 1st and 4th portion of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

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8
Q

Name some organs that are secondarily retroperitoneal. What does this mean?

A

2nd and 3rd portions of the duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum

started as intraperitoneal organs but “laid back” to the body wall during development

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9
Q

What organs never develop a mesentery? What are they classified as?

A

kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, and all pelvic viscera

primarily retroperitoneal

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10
Q

The area posterior to the liver and stomach is referred to as the _____ and forms a space that is connected to the rest of the peritoneal cavity (greater sac) through a hole – the ______

A

omental bursa (lesser sac)

gastro-omental foramen.

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11
Q

Number 1 is on the (right/left) side of the patient?

A

Right

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12
Q

Number 2 is on the (right/left) side of the patient?

A

Left

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13
Q

If you put your finger through ______ and compress the portal triad you would severely decrease the blood flow to what organ?

A

Gastro-omental foramen

liver

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14
Q

The wire in the picture is running through the _____

A

gastro-omental foramen

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15
Q

If you have a gastric ulcers that erodes the posterior wall of the stomach, what can it cause?

A

pancreatitis or paratinitis

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16
Q

What does this shape outline?

A

All of the organs that have a mesentery

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17
Q

The _____ forms the central nervous system

A

ectoderm

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18
Q

The _____ forms the lining and glands of GI, respiratory and UG tracts

A

endoderm

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19
Q

the ____ forms muscles, bones, CT and fat

A

mesoderm

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20
Q

______ forms the epidermis

A

ectoderm

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21
Q

somatic mesoderm contacts ______

A

Ectoderm

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22
Q

visceral mesoderm contacts the _____

A

endoderm

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23
Q

____ and ______ pinch together to form the gut tube

A

Endoderm + visceral lateral plate mesoderm

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24
Q

_____ and _____ envelop the developing gut tube

A

ectoderm and somatic lateral plate mesoderm

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25
Q

How do endoderm and visceral layer of mesoderm remain attached to the posterior body wall?

A

by a dorsal mesentery

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26
Q

the ectoderm and the somatic layer of mesoderm fuse anteriorly and create the ____. This has the additional effect of pulling the _____ around the embryo.

A

body wall

amniotic cavity

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27
Q

The gut tube extends from ______ to _______

A

mouth (oropharyngeal membrane)

presumptive anus (cloacal membrane)

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28
Q

Once the oropharyngeal membrane and cloacal membranes rupture, what happens next?

A

amniotic fluid enters the gut tube

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29
Q

What are two additional extensions of the endoderm?

A

allantois

secondary yolk sac

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30
Q

The secondary yolk sac extends further away from the embryo and settles where?

A

in a space just outside of the amnion

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31
Q

How does the secondary yolk sac remain attached to the gut tube? What structure supplies the blood?

A

remains attached by the vitelline duct

receives blood from the vitelline artery

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32
Q

The vitelline artery develops into what three arteries?

A

celiac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

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33
Q

**it is a normal for part of your ____ to be present in your umbilical cord

A

midgut

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34
Q

The ____ is initially just the region of gut tube that extends posteriorly from the _______

A

foregut

respiratory diverticulum

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35
Q

the foregut will becomes what 6 organs?

A

Distal esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum
Liver & Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen

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36
Q

Describe the processes that occur that turns the foregut into the foregut organs

A
  1. Separation of the esophagus from the trachea
  2. Stomach dilation and rotation
  3. Development of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas
  4. Rotation of gut tube and glands to form spaces, ligaments, omenta,& mesenteries
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37
Q

______ separate the trachea and esophagus

A

Tracheoesophageal ridges

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38
Q

What are the two most common malformations when the esophagus separates from the trachae

A

esophageal atresia ** most common

distal tracheoesophageal fistula

39
Q

Esophageal atresia will cause (non-bilious/bilious) emesis

A

non-bilus

40
Q

What are the two types of congenital hiatal hernias?

A

when a developing esophagus does not lengthen sufficiently, it can pull the cardiac region of the stomach into the thoracic cavity

OR

the fundus of the stomach displaces through diaphragm next to the esophagus (para-esophageal hernia)

41
Q

What type of hernia is this?

A

sliding hiatal hernia

42
Q

What type of hernia is this?

A

paraesophageal hernia

43
Q

As the stomach develops, it distends and rotates to the _____. What does it form?

A

left

forms the greater curvature

44
Q

During development, the distal end of the stomach is pushed to the _____. What does it cause?

A

right

makes the duodenum into a C-shaped curve

45
Q

Intestinal atresia occurs when ??? Does it present with (non-bilious/bilious) emesis?

A

malformation that blocks the upper GI tract is atresia of the small intestine

bilious emesis

46
Q

bilious emesis, which is always abnormal and indicates obstruction (proximal/distal) to the common bile duct insertion

A

distal

47
Q

Name this. What does it indicate?

A

Double Bubble sign

intestinal atresia

48
Q

During the 3rd week the hepatic diverticulum (liver bud) extends off the ______

A

foregut

49
Q

As _____ grows it embeds itself into the ______ which becomes the central part of the diaphragm.

A

hepatic diverticulum

septum transversum

50
Q

The hepatic diverticulum maintains its connection to the gut tube and becomes the _______

A

common bile duct

51
Q

The gallbladder develops as an out-pouching of the hepatic diverticulum, with its own duct, ______ that connects it to the common bile duct.

A

the cystic duct,

52
Q

Name two gallbladder abnormalities, which one is a problem

A

double gallbladders

biliary atresia

53
Q

If biliary atresia is present, what is likely to develop?

A

cirrhosis

54
Q

The ______ develops as an outgrowth of the hepatic diverticulum and is initially completely separate from the ______ that extends separately from the gut tube

A

dorsal pancreatic bud

55
Q

The dorsal pancreatic bud extends separately from what structure?

A

gut tube

56
Q

What does rotation of the stomach cause? Then what happens?

A

brings the common bile duct and the ventral pancreas posterior the duodenum

the pancreatic buds and ducts fuse

57
Q

What are the two connects to the duodenum?

A

main pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct

58
Q

the main pancreatic duct is composed of what two parts?

A

ventral pancreas and common bile duct

59
Q

the accessory pancreatic duct is on what part of the pancreas?

A

dorsal pancreas

60
Q

What is an annular pancreas? What does it cause?

A

When the ventral pancreas migrates anteriorly and posteriorly and surrounds the duodenum

causes duodenal stenosis

61
Q

What part of gut develop does all the organs included rotate to move them into their final positions?

A

foregut development

62
Q

As the stomach shifts left, the liver moves to the right side of the abdomen. The space created posteriorly is the ______

A

is the omental bursa

62
Q

The omental bursa communicates with the rest of the peritoneal cavity through _____?

A

the omental foramen (of Winslow)

63
Q

The ______ expands and forms a sheet of peritoneum that drapes over the developing midgut. It then fuses with the mesentery of the transverse colon.

A

greater omentum

64
Q

Name the organs that become the midgut?

A

Distal duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

65
Q

What are the 2 major events in midgut development?

A
  1. Rotation
  2. Elongation
66
Q

The midgut rotates around what artery? Describe the rotation

A

superior mesentric artery

270 degrees counter clockwise

67
Q

What will a vitelline fistula present as?

A

poop coming out of the belly button

67
Q

the _____ also elongates so extensively that starting in the 6th week it extends out of the abdomen into the _____. What is it called?

A

midgut

umbilical cord

physiological herniation

68
Q

Describe the process of the formation of the appendix

A

The vermiform appendix buds off the cecum as it is enters the right side of the abdomen.

Because the appendix forms as the cecum returns to the abdomen, it may be located in several locations

69
Q

What are the bands of the colon called?

A

Tenia coli

70
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Congenital herniation of intra-abdominal viscera through a defect in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus. Note the intact peritoneal sac covering the viscera, which is absent in gastroschisis.

71
Q

Is omphalocele or gastroschisis worse?

A

omphalocele because its more than just the intestine and the entire sac is outside of the body

72
Q

Describe what is wrong with this picture

A

the duodenum is anterior to the transverse colon causes partial blockage

73
Q

What is volvulus?

A

when the intestine is twisted shut and cuts off the blood supply

74
Q

What is a vascular accident?

A

when the blood supply to the developing region is insufficient or compromised

75
Q

What are some signs of a vascular accident in a newborn?

A

Failure to pass meconium
Abdominal distension
Bilious vomiting
Abdominal x-ray shows multiple air-fluid levels

76
Q

What organs are in the hindgut?

A

descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

77
Q

Mesoderm between _____ and _____ descends to separate urogenital and GI tracts

A

vitelline duct and allantois

78
Q

Mesoderm between vitelline duct and allantois descends to separate ____ and _____

A

urogenital and GI tracts

79
Q

The _____ is a developmental structure that receives content from urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems

A

cloaca

80
Q

The urogenital and digestive tracts are partitioned by the ______, which separates the rectum from the urogenital sinus

A

urorectal septum

81
Q

The urogenital sinus and allantois will become the _____ and _____

A

bladder and urethra

82
Q

Descent of the urorectal septum creates separate ____ and _____

A

anal

urogenital membranes.

83
Q

What is the correct medical term for the taint

A

perineal body

84
Q

urorectal fistula present as ??

A

poop coming out of the urethra

85
Q

rectovaginal fistula will present as ???

A

poop coming out of the vagina

86
Q

What is another name for a persistent cloaca?

A

fistulae

87
Q

Ectoderm invaginates to form an _____ that meets the rectum

A

anal pit

88
Q

An ____ results from failure of the anal membrane to rupture, leaving the anal pit unconnected to the rectum.

A

imperforate anus

89
Q

The right hepatic duct carries what?

A

bile from the right lobe of the liver

90
Q

The left hepatic duct carries what?

A

bile from the left, caudate and quadrate lobe

91
Q
A

JKC Anatomy- Spring '24 (14 decks)

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