Upper Extremity

Question 1

What ais the UE made up of

Answer 1

Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Hand

Question 2

Whats included in the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?

Answer 2

scapula, clavicles, manubrium of sternum

Question 3

what does the clavicle do

Answer 3

• holds UE away from trunk allowing max. mobility of UE
• allows scapula to move on the thoracic wall
• transmits shock from the UE to the axial skeleton
• commonly broken

Question 4

what are the important landmarks of the scapula

Answer 4

borders (superior, medial, lateral)
angles (superior, inferior)
fossae (supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular)
acromion
spine
coracoid process
genloid cavity
infraglenoid tubercle
supraglenoid subercle
suprascapular notch

Question 5

which bone of shoulder has attachment to the axial skeleton

Answer 5

clavicle has a direct attachment to axial skeleton via the manubrium of the sternum
scapula has no direct attachment to axial skeleton

Question 6

what do the borders, angles, fossae, and tubercles serve as on the scapula

Answer 6

attachment sites for muscles

Question 7

what is the purpose of the glenoid cavity

Answer 7

receives the head of the humerus

Question 8

what is important about the suprascapular notch

Answer 8

the location for the suprascapular artery and nerve

Question 9

what are the motions of the scapula

Answer 9

elevation
depression
protaction/abduction
retraction/adduction
upward rotation
downward rotation

Question 10

what does flexion do

Answer 10

decrease the angle

Question 11

what does extension do

Answer 11

increase the angle

Question 12

lateral rotation is

Answer 12

moving laterally away from the midline

Question 13

medial rotation is

Answer 13

moving medially toward the midline

Question 14

where does actions of the arm occur

Answer 14

glenohumeral joint

Question 15

where do actions of the forearm occur

Answer 15

elbow joint

Question 16

where do actions of the wrist occur

Answer 16

rediocarpal joint

Question 17

how does movement at a joint occur

Answer 17

a muscle must cross a joint to exert a movement at that joint

Question 18

sometimes a muscle can cross 2 joints (T or F)

Answer 18

true

Question 19

(T or F) muscle fibers determine the movement

Answer 19

T

Question 20

what is winged scapula

Answer 20

paralysis of the serratus anterior
- SA is unable to upwardly rotate the scapula
- medial borders and inferior angle stick out
- UE wont be able to elevated normally above horizontal postion

Question 21

muscles in the delotscapular region

Answer 21

deltoid
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
subscapularis

Question 22

parts of the deltoid

Answer 22

anterior (flexion), medial (abduction), posterior (extension)
can act separately or as a whole

Question 23

when all 3 parts of the deltoid contract simultaneously, the arm is

Answer 23

abducted

Question 24

what does the teres major do

Answer 24

adduct and medially rotate arm

Question 25

where is the teres major

Answer 25

the posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle

Question 26

muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 26

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis (SITS)

Question 27

function of SITS tendons

Answer 27

reinforce the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint

Question 28

function of SITS muscles

Answer 28

hold the large head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Question 29

suprascapular artery travels

Answer 29

travels over transverse scapular ligament

Question 30

suprascapular nerve travels

Answer 30

travels under the transverse scapular ligament
arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

Question 31

the subscapular artery and nerve both supply the

Answer 31

supra and infraspinatus muscles

Question 32

axillary nerve is a branch of

Answer 32

branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus

Question 33

how is axillay nerve suseptible to injury

Answer 33

it winds around the surgical neck of the humerus
sensory loss may occur over lateral arm

Question 34

what are the quadrangular space borders and what does it contain

Answer 34

borders - long head of triceps, teres major and minor, and humerus
contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 35

what are the triangular space borders and what does it contain

Answer 35

borders: teres major and minor and long head of triceps
contents: circumflex scapular artery

Question 36

rotator cuff injuries

Answer 36

• increases with age
• trauma and occupation could be causes
• pain and difficultly lifting overhead
• tendinopathy, partial tears, and complete tears
• acute tears happen in younger patients, degenerative tears occur in older patients

Question 37

what is an anastomosis

Answer 37

an interconnection between 2 vessels

Question 38

arteries included in the scapular anastomosis

Answer 38

suprascapular artery, subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

Question 39

muscles of the posterior arm

Answer 39

triceps (long head, medial head, lateral head)
anconeus

Question 40

radial nerve supplies

Answer 40

the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm

Question 41

the profunda brachii (deep brachial artery) is

Answer 41

a branch of the brachial artery and supplies the posterior arm

Question 42

triangular interval borders

Answer 42

superior: teres major
lateral: lateral head of triceps
medial: long head of triceps

Question 43

injury to the radial nerve

Answer 43

innervation to triceps is lost
weakening extension of elbow
innervation to wrist extensors are lost, resulting in wrist drop