Upper Extremity Flashcards
What ais the UE made up of
Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Hand
Whats included in the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?
scapula, clavicles, manubrium of sternum
what does the clavicle do
- holds UE away from trunk allowing max. mobility of UE
- allows scapula to move on the thoracic wall
- transmits shock from the UE to the axial skeleton
- commonly broken
what are the important landmarks of the scapula
borders (superior, medial, lateral)
angles (superior, inferior)
fossae (supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapular)
acromion
spine
coracoid process
genloid cavity
infraglenoid tubercle
supraglenoid subercle
suprascapular notch
which bone of shoulder has attachment to the axial skeleton
clavicle has a direct attachment to axial skeleton via the manubrium of the sternum
scapula has no direct attachment to axial skeleton
what do the borders, angles, fossae, and tubercles serve as on the scapula
attachment sites for muscles
what is the purpose of the glenoid cavity
receives the head of the humerus
what is important about the suprascapular notch
the location for the suprascapular artery and nerve
what are the motions of the scapula
elevation
depression
protaction/abduction
retraction/adduction
upward rotation
downward rotation
what does flexion do
decrease the angle
what does extension do
increase the angle
lateral rotation is
moving laterally away from the midline
medial rotation is
moving medially toward the midline
where does actions of the arm occur
glenohumeral joint
where do actions of the forearm occur
elbow joint
where do actions of the wrist occur
rediocarpal joint
how does movement at a joint occur
a muscle must cross a joint to exert a movement at that joint
sometimes a muscle can cross 2 joints (T or F)
true
(T or F) muscle fibers determine the movement
T
what is winged scapula
paralysis of the serratus anterior
- SA is unable to upwardly rotate the scapula
- medial borders and inferior angle stick out
- UE wont be able to elevated normally above horizontal postion
muscles in the delotscapular region
deltoid
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
subscapularis
parts of the deltoid
anterior (flexion), medial (abduction), posterior (extension)
can act separately or as a whole
when all 3 parts of the deltoid contract simultaneously, the arm is
abducted
what does the teres major do
adduct and medially rotate arm
where is the teres major
the posterior aspect of the shoulder girdle
muscles of the rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis (SITS)
function of SITS tendons
reinforce the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint
function of SITS muscles
hold the large head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
suprascapular artery travels
travels over transverse scapular ligament
suprascapular nerve travels
travels under the transverse scapular ligament
arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus
the subscapular artery and nerve both supply the
supra and infraspinatus muscles
axillary nerve is a branch of
branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus
how is axillay nerve suseptible to injury
it winds around the surgical neck of the humerus
sensory loss may occur over lateral arm
what are the quadrangular space borders and what does it contain
borders - long head of triceps, teres major and minor, and humerus
contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
what are the triangular space borders and what does it contain
borders: teres major and minor and long head of triceps
contents: circumflex scapular artery
rotator cuff injuries
- increases with age
- trauma and occupation could be causes
- pain and difficultly lifting overhead
- tendinopathy, partial tears, and complete tears
- acute tears happen in younger patients, degenerative tears occur in older patients
what is an anastomosis
an interconnection between 2 vessels
arteries included in the scapular anastomosis
suprascapular artery, subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, circumflex scapular artery
muscles of the posterior arm
triceps (long head, medial head, lateral head)
anconeus
radial nerve supplies
the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm
the profunda brachii (deep brachial artery) is
a branch of the brachial artery and supplies the posterior arm
triangular interval borders
superior: teres major
lateral: lateral head of triceps
medial: long head of triceps
injury to the radial nerve
innervation to triceps is lost
weakening extension of elbow
innervation to wrist extensors are lost, resulting in wrist drop
