Abdomen 1 Flashcards
what is the visceral peritoneum
covers the viscera in the abdomen
whats the parietal peritoneum
lines the walls of the abdomen
whats the peritoneal cavity
potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum that is filled with a small amount of serous fluid
what are mesenteries
a double layer of peritoneum that connects visceral peritoneum to parietal
peritoneum, anchoring viscera to the abdominal wall and transmits nerves and blood vessels to viscera
whats omenta
is a double layer of visceral peritoneum that connects
viscera to each other
where does the lesser omentum connect
the lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the
liver
what does the greater omentum connect
connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the
transverse colon
what are retroperitoneal organs
Organs that are posterior to parietal peritoneum are called
what are the retroperitoneal organs
kidneys
ureters
pancreas (most of it)
duodenum (part of it)
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum
describe the esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube in the thorax
whats the abdominal esophagus
a small portion of the esophagus that enters the abdomen by passing through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.
whats is the purpose of the lower esophageal sphincter
a
smooth muscle sphincter at the esophageal-cardiac junction and prevents food from refluxing
into the esophagus
where is the stomach located
left upper quadrant of abdomen
what are the functions of the stomach
secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes and breaks down food
The stomach regulates the rate at which
chyme enters the small intestine, where absorption occurs
what are the contents of the stomach
a mixture of partially digested food, enzymes, and fluid called chyme
4 regions of the stomach
cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
what is the cardia
The cardia is the region where the esophagus enters the
stomach
what is the fundus
area that bulges superior to the espohageal opening
what is the body of the stomach
the main portion
what is the plyorus of the stomach
is the outlet of the stomach and contains a thick layer of circular
smooth muscle, called the pyloric sphincter
what does the pyloric sphincter do
control the passage of chyme into the small intestine
what is rugae
folds on the internal wall of the stomach which allow for expansion
whats the lesser curvature
the right upper border of the stomach
whats the greater curvature
left lower border of the stomach
whats the greater omentum
connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
whats the lesser omentum
attaches from the lesser curvature
of the stomach to the liver. The lesser omentum contains the portal triad (
3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
duodenum
proximal part of the small intestine that is mostly retroperitoneal
(~1 foot long)
The common bile duct and main pancreatic duct empty bile and pancreatic juices into the
duodenum via the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla) and major duodenal
papilla. The ampulla of Vater is surrounded by the sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic
sphincter), which is a smooth muscle sphincter that regulates the release of bile and
pancreatic juices from the ampulla of Vater
jejunum
middle part of the small intestine
~8 feet long
ileum
distal part of the small intestine that leads to the large intestine
The ileum (~12 feet long)
)
The inner lining of the small intestine has folds called
plicae circularis (circular folds)
what is the major function of the small intestine
absorption of nutrients from food
The ileum has a thinner wall, less prominent circular folds, and mounds in the
epithelium called Peyer’s Patches, that demarcate nodes of lymphoid tissue in the
underlying submucosa.
what leads to the large intestine
the ileum
