abdomen 2 Flashcards
branches of SMA
Intestinal (jejunal and ileal) branches
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Appendicular artery
branches of IMA
Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery
marginal artery is made of
anastomes between
right colic
left colic
middle colic
there are less arcases and longer rects near the
jejunum
there are more arcades and shorter vasa recta near the
ileum
inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply
the pancreas and duodenum and anastomose with the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
the middle colic supplies
transverse colon
right colic artery travel
to right to supply the ascending colon
ileocolic artery travels
toward the ileocecal junction to supply the distal ileum and cecum
the appendicular artery
is a branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the appendix
left colic travels
travels to the left to supply the descending colon
sigmoid artery
is often present as several branches that supply the sigmoid colon
superior rectal artery
descends to supply the superior part of the rectum
hepatic portal vein
formed by splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein joining together, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic
cranial parasympathetic outflow to the abdominal viscera
Preganglionic parasympathetic neuron arises from brainstem
Conveyed in vagus nerve (CN X)
Innervates gut tube until the splenic flexure
Sacral parasympathetic outflow to abdominal viscera:
Preganglionic parasympathetic neuron arises from S2-S4
Conveyed in pelvic splanchnic nerves
Innervates gut tube distal to the splenic flexure
vagus nerve
Carries preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from the brainstem to the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and transverse colon
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the ventral rami of S2-S4
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel through ventral rootlets, ventral roots, spinal nerves, and ventral rami of S2-S4 to enter pelvic splanchnic nerves
Carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from S2-S4 to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
vagus nerve conveys
preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from the brainstem to the gut tube up to the splenic flexure
pelvic splanchnic nerves convery
preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from S2-S4 to the gut tube distal to the splenic flexure
celiac ganglion
supplies sympathetic postganglionic innervation to the foregut
superior mesenteric gnaglion
supplies sympathetic postganglionic innervation to the midgut
inferior mesenteric ganglion
supplies sympathetic postganglionic innervation to the hindgut
renal arteries
travel horizontally from the aorta to supply the kidneys
renal veins
drain into the IVC
gonadal arteries
branch from the aorta and supply the gonads (i.e., testes and ovaries)
gonadal veins
Right gonadal vein drains into the IVC
Left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein
ureters
extend inferiorly from the kidneys and travel through the retroperitoneal space
The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, which is located in the pelvic cavity
adrenal glands
rest on the superior poles of kidneys
are involved in the body’s stress response as they release epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol into the bloodstream
the kidney outer layer
renal cortex
inner renal region
renal medulla
components of kidneys
composed of minor (mC) and major (MC) calyces leading into the renal pelvis and the ureter
kidneys purpose
filter blood and concentrate urine, which leaves the kidneys via the calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter
kidney renal medulla is divided into 3 structures
renal pyramids
renal papillae
renal colimns
muscles of posterior abdominal wall
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum
nerves of lumbar plexus
Iliohypogastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1, L2)
Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2, L3)
Obturator (L2-L4)
Femoral (L2-L4)
subcostal nerve is
ventral rami of T12
courses inferior to 12th rib
iliohypogastric nerve
spinal levels L1
innervatoin: Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
cutanrous innervation: Skin of the lateral, superior hip
Skin above the inguinal ligament
ilioinguinal nerve
spinal levels: L1
muscular innervation: Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
cutaneous innervation: skin of the groin
genitofemoral nerve
spinal nerve : L1,L2
muscular innervations: cremaster muscle in scrotum (via genital branch)
cutaneous innervation: skin of the femoral triangle, skin of the groin
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
spinal levels: L2,L3
no muscular innervation
cutaneous innervation: lateral aspect of the skin of the thigh
femoral nerve
spinal levels: L2 L3 L4
muscular innervation:Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus, and all muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
cutaneous innervation:Anterior skin of the thigh, knee, and leg
obturator nerve
spinal level: L2 L3 L4
muscular innervation: all muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
cutaneous innervation: medial skin of thigh
lumbosacral trunk
spinal levels: L4 L5
connects lumbar plexus and sacral plexus
