Pelvic visera and pernieum notes Flashcards
what organs are retroperitoneal
Kidneys
Ureters
Pancreas (most of it)
Duodenum (part of it)
Ascending colon (not visible)
Descending colon (not visible)
Rectum
what makes up the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani and left coccygeus
tendinous arch
passes along the obturator internis, and the ischial spine
The muscles of the pelvic diaphragm are innervated by the
pudendal nerve
what does the rectum connect
sigmoid colon to anal canal
arterial supply of the rectum comes from
superior rectal artery (the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery) and the middle rectal arteries (small branches of the internal iliac arteries).
The mucosa of the upper half of the anal canal has 6-10 vertical folds called
anal columns that contain the terminal branches of the superior rectal veins, called the hemorrhoidal veins.
The lower ends of the anal columns are joined by small transverse folds of mucous membrane called
anal valves
pectinate line
divides upper 2/3 and lower third of anal canal
The external anal sphincter is made of
skeletal muscle and is continuous with fibers of the levator ani
The internal anal sphincter is
a thickening of the circular smooth muscle of the rectum
is not under voluntary control and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system
The arterial supply to the anal canal comes from the
middle and inferior rectal arteries (which are branches of the internal pudendal arteries).
male reproductive structures
The Ductus Deferens, the Seminal Vesicle, and the Ejaculatory Duct.
the body of the penis is composed of
2 corpora covernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum
what travels through corpus spongiosum
spongy urethra
what pair of arteries supply the erectile tissue of penis
dorsal and deep arteries
the deep and dorsal arteries of the penis are branches ofq
internal pudenal artery
what is continuous with the corpa cavernose
two crura
what is continuous with the corpus spongiosum
a bulb
what are the crura of the penis
tubes of dense connective tissue that are filled with erectile tissue (a specialized tissue that consists primarily of blood vessels).
The two crura and bulb of the penis are covered by striated muscles. Those surrounding the crura are called the
ischiocavernousus muscles
he muscle surrounding the bulb is called the
bulbosponiosus
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus contract to
prevent venous blood from draining out of the erectile tissue and facilitate the erection
what contributes to the ejactulation and expulsion of urine form the urethra
bulbocavernosis
muscle that runs from the ischiopubic ramus on one side to the ischiopubic ramus of the other side
urogenital diapgraphm
. The bulk of the urogenital diaphragm is formed by the
sphincter urethrae muscle
membranous urethra
the part of the urethra that passes through the sphincter urethrae
deep dorsal vein of the penis
passes between the urogenital diaphragm and the pubic symphysis to enter the body of the penis
these arteries pass posterior to anterior along the sphincter urethrae
internal pudenal arteries
; these are branches of the pudendal nerves that travel with the internal pudendal arteries
dorsal nerves of the penis;
the bulbourethral gland are
two pea-sized structures situated slightly below the prostate at each side of the base of the penis.
make up the accessory reproductive glands. male
bulbouerthral glands, seminal vescles, prostate
urethra of female
musch shorter than males
the clitorus consits of
two corpora cavernosa and a glans clitoris which is connected to a bulb (only by a few veins`
what does the male have and not the female
corpus spongiosum
the crura of the female
are composed of erectile tissue, but they are much smaller than those in the male
which forms a “figure-8” around the urethra and vagina
sphincter urethrae muscle```
deep structures of female urogenital
sphincter urethrae muscle
internal pudendal vessels
dorsal nerve of clitoris
branches of the perineal nerve to the sphincter urethrae
* The parts of the vagina and urethra that transverse the sphincter urethrae
The wall of the bladder has a very thick layer of smooth muscle, the
detrustor muscle
trigone
is found at the base of the bladder and has a different appearance. It has a smooth internal surface, and is triangular in shape, with angles at the locations of the two ureters and the urethra.
Connecting the sites of the two ureters and forming the base of the trigone, is the
interureteric ridge, a ridge formed by a thickening of the underlying muscle
The urinary bladder receives blood from branches of the
internal ilaic artery
The superior vesicle artery often continues as the
obliteraed umbilival artery
The ductus deferens (or vas deferens) brings sperm from the ___ to the ___
from the testis and epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
sperm passes from the testis through the inguinal canal and enters the abdomen (retroperitoneally) through the
inguinal ring
what forms the ejactulatory duct
duct of semicle vescicle and ductus deferens
vas deferens brings the sperm to
the testis and epididymis
what is the prostate gland
a walnut shaped structure that surrounds the urethra as it passes from the neck of the bladder
where does the prostatic urethra begin
at the trigone of the bladder and runs to the region of the sphincter urethra muscle where its called the membranous urethra
as the. urethra enters the bukbus of the penis it is called the
spongy urethra
The urethral crest is
a central vertical ridge on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra
A vertical slit in the center of the colliculus, called the
prostatic utricle
the vagina lies between
the bladder and rectum
The highest, rounded, part of the uterus is the
fundus
The region where the uterine tubes enter the uterus is the
isthmus
The uterine tubes are about 10 cm long and pass bilaterally from
the isthmus of the uterus toward lateral wall of the pelvis in the upper border of the broad ligament.
The lateral funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube is called
infundibulum
the rugged edge with short finger-like projections on the infundibulum is called
fimbria
Fertilization by a sperm usually occurs within the
uterine tube
At the sides of the uterus, two layers of peritoneum come together to form the
broad ligaments
the broad ligament can be devidied into
mesometrium, mesosalpinx, mesovarium
These branches of the internal iliac arteries cross the floor of the pelvis to reach the uterus at the base of the broad ligamen
uterine arteries
They are suspended from the broad ligament by the mesovarium.
ovary
The ovarian artery and vein are located in the
suspensory ligament
a band of fibrous tissue that runs in the broad ligament connecting the uterine pole of the ovary to the lateral aspect of the uterus.
ovarian ligament
along the anterior wall of the uterus where the ovarian ligament becomes continuous with the
round ligament of uterus
After passing through the inguinal canal the round ligament is attached to the subcutaneous tissue of the
labium majus
parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of the pelvic structures synapse at
in ganglia within walls of the organ via the pelvic splanchnic
preganglionic sympathetic neurons of pelvis synpase in the
inferior mesenteric ganglion
The skeletal muscle sphincters of the pelvis are under voluntary control and are innervated by the
pudendal nerves
