pelvic viscera Flashcards
what are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet
Posterior border of pubic crest
Pecten pubis
Anterior border of sacral ala
Sacral promontory
what are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet
Pubic symphysis
Tip of coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Inferior rami of pubic and ischial tuberosities
describe the greater pelvis (false pelvis)
Part of the pelvis superior to the pelvic inlet.
Bounded by the iliac alae and the superior aspect of S1
Occupied by abdominal viscera
describe lesser pelvis (true pelvis)
Between thepelvic inletandpelvic outlet.
Bounded by the pelvic surfaces of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
what are the pelvic joints
sacro-iliac
pubic sympysis
lumbosacral
sacrococcygeal
sacro-iliac joint
Link theaxial skeletonand theinferior
appendicular skeleton
Limited mobility is allowed here
pubic sympysis
Region between two pubic bones
Fibrocartilaginous
lumbosacral joint
Between the L5 and S1 vertebrae
Strengthened by iliolumbar ligaments
sacrococcygeal joint
between the sacrum and coccyx
what are the pelvic ligament
Anterior sacroiliac
Posterior sacroiliac
Sacrotuberous*
Sacrospinous*
Sacrococcygeal
the internal iliac artery branch comes from the
common iliac artery
autonomics of the pelvic
sacral sympathetic trunk
hypogastric plexi
pelvic sphlanic nerves
visceral afferents
somatics of the pelvic includes what nerves
sacral plexus (L4-S4)
- lumbosacral trunk
- sciatic
- prudendal nerve
- superior gluteal nerve
- inferior gluteal nerve
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
sympathetics of the pelvic
produce vasoconstriction, inhibits peristaltic contraction of the rectum/anal canal, and stimulates contraction of the genital organs during orgasm.
parasympathetics of the pelvic
stimulate contraction of the rectum and bladder, activate erectile tissues for erection
what are ureters and where
Muscular tubes that are retroperitoneal
Pass obliquely through the muscular wall of the urinary bladder.
Arterial supply-common iliac, abdominal aorta and ovarian/testicular arteries
regions of the bladder
apex: points toward pubic symphysis
body: in beletween apex and fundus
fundus: opposite the apex
the male bladder borders
the bladder rests against the pubis, and its upper surface, which is covered by peritoneum, is bordered by abdominal viscera.
The posterior aspect (or base) of the bladder, in males, is partially separated from the rectum by the rectovesical pouch.
In males, the neck of the urinary bladder (where the urethra begins) rests on the prostate gland
the female bladder borders
the bladder rests against the pubis, but is bordered by the uterus superiorly and by the vagina posteriorly
In females (there is no prostate gland), the urethra leaves the neck of the bladder to pass into the fascial tissue covering the anterior wall of the vagina.
what makes up the muscular wall of the bladder
detrusor
what separates the bladder from the pubic bone
retropubic space
what is the trigone of the bladder
ureteric orifices and internal urethal orifice
where does the prostatic urethra begin
trigone of the bladder
where does the prostatic uretha run to
the region of sphincter urethra muscle (or external urethral sphincter) where it is called membranous uretha
when is the prostatic urethra called the spongy urethra
As the urethra enters the bulbus penis
what is the urethral crust
a central vertical ridge on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra. Its central part is expanded to form the colliculus semilunaris
what is the prostatic utricle
A vertical slit in the center of the colliculus,
what are the openings of the ejaculatory ducts
seen as vertical slits on the colliculus on each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle.
what are the prostatic sinuses
grooves on either side of the urethral crest; this is where the numerous ducts of the prostate gland enter the urethra.
what sphincter is striated muscle in the female urethra
the external urethral spincter
where is the external urethral orifice located
in the vestibule of the cagina a region bounded by labia minora
rectum connects, begins and ends where?
the sigmoid colon to the anal canal
Begins at the level of the sacral promontory and ends at the level of the levator ani
where does the rectum begin
third segment of the sacrum
whats the arterial supply to the rectum
comes from superior rectal artery and middle rectal arteries
the superior rectal artery is the terminal branch of the
inferior mesenteric artery
what are the male reproductive structures and what supplies them
ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct
supplied by superior and inferior vesicle arteries
ductus deferens
Has relatively thick muscular walls
Begins in the tail of the epididymis
Conveys sperms to the ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle
is a long, coiled, tube-like, glandular structure that secretes part of the seminal fluid
does NOT store sperm
ejaculatory duct
Duct of the seminal vesicle/gland with the ampulla of the ductus (vas) deferens
Opens into the prostatic urethra
prostate
Two thirds is glandular and the other third is fibromuscular.
Secretes an alkaline solution protective for sperm
The prostatic urethra and two ejaculatory ducts traverse it
Situated inferior to the bladder
Supplied by the inferior vesical artery
bulbourethral glands
Largely embedded within the external urethral sphincter
Theducts open in the proximal part of the spongy urethra
Produce a mucus-like secretion which neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra
Supplied by branches off the internal pudendal artery
parts of the uterus
fundus:superior to uterine tubes
body
cervix (supravaginal part and vaginal part)
wall of uterus (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium)
ligaments of the uterus
broad ligament
round ligament
transverse cervical
uterosacral
broad ligament
Double fold of peritoneum-divided into 3 parts
Provides passive support to the uterus
Extends from sides of uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis
Laterally it becomes the suspensory ligaments
Divided into:
Mesovarium: contains the ovaries
Mesosalpinx: contains the uterine tubes
Mesometrium: mesentery of the uterus
rounds ligament of the uterus
Body of uterus to labia majora-remnant of female gubernaculum
Helps maintain the anteversion position of the uterus during pregnancy
transverse cervical ligament
From the cervix and lateral parts of the vaginal fornix to the lateral walls of the pelvis
Transmits uterine vessels
uterosacral ligament
Posteriorly from sides of cervix to the middle of the sacrum
Provides passive support to the uterus
uterine tubes
extend from the uterus to the ovaries
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine part
ovaries are suspended by the
mesovarium: portion of broad ligament
Suspensory ligaments: attachment to pelvic wall
Ligament of the ovary (ovarian ligament): attachment to uterus
ovaries are supplied
the ovarian (from aorta) and uterine arteries (from internal iliac)
what do the ovarian arteries travel within
the suspensory ligament
vestibule contains
the vaginal and urethral orifices
openings of the greater vestibular glands
vascular supply of the vagina
uterine arteries supply the superior part
vaginal artery and internal pudendal supply middle and inferior parts
