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Anatomy > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is de quervain tenosynovitis, what muscles does it affect

A

It affects the extensor pollicus longs and flexor pollicus brevis muscles, overuse and excessive friction on the first dorsal compartment of the wrist causes thickening of the tendon sheath and causes stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel

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2
Q

What 2 bones combine or form pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula

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3
Q

What bone is ossified at child birth

A

Clavicle

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of clavicular fractures

A

Type 1: No displacement or tear of ligaments
Type 2: Fracture with tear of coracoclavicular
Type 3: Fracture through scrimoclavicular but no displacement

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5
Q

What is the function of trapezius muscle

A

Elevates, retracts and rotates scapula. Superior fibres elevate, middle divers retract, inferior fibres depress scapula

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6
Q

What muscle is the largest muscle in the body

A

Latissimus dorsi muscle

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7
Q

What is the superficial vein in the arm

A

Cephalic vein

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8
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus; suprascapular nerve, initiates abduction of arm, most common for injury
Infraspinatus: suprascapulsr nerve, laterally rotates arm, pitchers injury
Teres minor: Axillary, adduced and laterally rotates
Subscapularis: Medially rotates and abducts arm

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9
Q

What part of the rotator cuff does dislocation mainly occur

A

Inferior region

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10
Q

How is abduction of the arm dome, what muscles and nerves

A

0 to 15 - supraspinatus muscle: suprascapular nerve
15 to 110 - deltoid muscle by axillar nerve
100 - 180: trapizeus muscle - accessory nerve and serrated anterior muscle - long thoracic nerve

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11
Q

Where does the humerus attach to the radial and ulnar bones

A

Radial bone with capitulum, ulnar bone with trochlea

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12
Q

What are the characteristics for the humerus

A

It is the bone of the arm, head of the bone attaches to the glenoid cavit, neck is most narrow and commonly fractures, intertubecular groove separates greater and lesser tubercles, radius attaches to capitullum ulnar to trochela

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13
Q

What nerve is damaged during glenohumeral dislocation

A

During glenohumeral dislocation, the dislocation occurs inferiorly but is labelled as anterior relative to the glenoid and numeral head positions. Axillary nerve is damaged causing flattened shoulder with prominent humeral head

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14
Q

How does anastomose occur in the scapula

A

From the subclavian artery : thyrocervical trunk forms transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery
From the axillary artery: Subscapular artery forms circumflex scapular artery and sbsc
Transverse cervical artery forms anastomoses with subscapular artery, suprascapular with circumflex scapular artery

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15
Q

What are the 2 branches of the thyrocervical trunk anastomoses

A

Suprascapular artery and transverse cervical artery

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16
Q

What are the 4 sites and parts damaged in humeral fractures

A

Surgical neck: Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
Midshaft: Radial nerve with deep brachial artery
Supracondylar region: Brachial artery and median nerve
Medial epicondyle: Ulnar nerve

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17
Q

Where do the biceps brachial muscle attach

A

Long head: attaches above glenoidhumeral joint

Short head: coracoid process

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18
Q

Where does the biceps brachial long and short head originate

A

Short head originates at the apex of the coracoid

Long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle

19
Q

Where do the biceps brachial muscles insert and their function

A

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of the forearm by aponeurosis, it supinates flexed forearm and flexes forearm at elbow

20
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of brachialis muscle

A

Origin: distal half of the humerus
Inserts: Coronoid and ulnar tuberosity
Action: Flexes forearm at all elbow positions

21
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of coracobrachialis

A

Origin: Tip of coracoid process
Inserts: Middle 3rd of the medial surface of humerus
Action: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

22
Q

What are the origins of triceps brachial muscle

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercule
Lateral head: posterior humeral surface
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus and radial groove

23
Q

Where do the posterior arm muscles attach

A

Olecranon of ulna

24
Q

What are the 5 superficial flexor muscles

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, digitorium superficialis

25
Q

What is the origin and action of pronator teres muscles

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna, pronates forearm and flexes elbow

26
Q

Flexor carpi radialis muscle origin and action

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus, flexes wrist and abducts it

27
Q

Palmaris longus origin and action

A

Flexes hand at wrist and tightens aponeurosis

28
Q

What muscles do wrist flexor and wrist extensors affect

A

Wrist flexors are medial epicondyle, wrist extensors are lateral epicondyle

29
Q

What tendon is affected in medial epicondylitis

A

Common flexor tendon

30
Q

What tendon is affected in lateral epicondylitis

A

Common extensor tendon

31
Q

What are the components of the carpal tunnel

A

4 flexor digitorium superficialis tendon, 4 flexor digitorium profundity tendon, 1 flexor pollicus longus tendon. Median nerve

32
Q

What tendon is used as a landmark to feel the radial pulse

A

Flexor carpi radialis tendon

33
Q

What are the origins of the lumbricals and actions

A

Lumbricals 1 and 2: lateral 2 tendons of profundis
Lumbriclas 3 and 4: Medial 3 tendons of profundis
Action: flex MCP points, extend IP joint

34
Q

What is the origin of palmar and dorsal interossi and action

A

Dorsal interoussi: abducts fingers same as lumbricals for MCP, adjacent sides of two metacarpals
Palmar interoussi: adducts fingers, same as lumbriclas for MCP, 2nd 4th and 5th metacarpal bones

35
Q

What is the muscles in thenar and hypothenar regions

A

OAF

36
Q

What is the tendon ruptured in extensor tendon rupture

A

Distal phalanx extensor tendon, DIP joint, the unopposed action of the profound is causes mallet finger, which is flexed distal phalanx

37
Q

What tendon is affected in boutoneeire and swan neck deformity

A

Swan neck is profundis, bout is superficialis

38
Q

What ligaments support pelvis

A

Anterior, posterior and interosseous muscles for sacroiliac joints
Iliolumbar ligaments for lumbar spine and sacrum
Posterior ligaments- sarcotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous is from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
Sacrospinous ligament is from sacrum to ischial spine

39
Q

What are the openings of the pelvis

A

Greater sciatic foramen - passage from posterior part of pelvis to gluteal region
Lesser sciatic foramen - passage of sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments to gluteal region
Obtuator canal - Obtuator muscle opening that allows for Obtuator vessels and nerve to go into the thigh

40
Q

What muscle runs the same direction as supraspinous ligament

A

Coccyges muscle

41
Q

What muscles makes the floor of the pelvic diaphragm

A

Levator ani - Pubococcygeus in the anterior, iliococcygeus in the middle, puborectalis in the posterior
Coccyges muscle - posterior part of the pelvic diaphragm, runs also sacrospinous ligament

42
Q

What parts go through the infrapiriform foramen

A

Inferior gluteal vessels, internal pudendal vessels, sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, pudendal nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

43
Q

What are the pouches in the pelvis

A

Rectovesical pouch between the bladder and rectum in males

Rectouterine pouch between the uterus and rectum in females, vesciouterine pouch between bladder and uterus

44
Q

How can pudendal nerve block be done externally and internally

A

Externally: Palpate ischial tuberosity, inject the needle medial to the skin near the pudendal nerve
Internally: Palpate ischial spine, inject needle in the vagina near the ischial spine

Anatomy (6 decks)

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