Upper Extremity Flashcards
What is de quervain tenosynovitis, what muscles does it affect
It affects the extensor pollicus longs and flexor pollicus brevis muscles, overuse and excessive friction on the first dorsal compartment of the wrist causes thickening of the tendon sheath and causes stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel
What 2 bones combine or form pectoral girdle
Clavicle and scapula
What bone is ossified at child birth
Clavicle
What are the 3 types of clavicular fractures
Type 1: No displacement or tear of ligaments
Type 2: Fracture with tear of coracoclavicular
Type 3: Fracture through scrimoclavicular but no displacement
What is the function of trapezius muscle
Elevates, retracts and rotates scapula. Superior fibres elevate, middle divers retract, inferior fibres depress scapula
What muscle is the largest muscle in the body
Latissimus dorsi muscle
What is the superficial vein in the arm
Cephalic vein
What are the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus; suprascapular nerve, initiates abduction of arm, most common for injury
Infraspinatus: suprascapulsr nerve, laterally rotates arm, pitchers injury
Teres minor: Axillary, adduced and laterally rotates
Subscapularis: Medially rotates and abducts arm
What part of the rotator cuff does dislocation mainly occur
Inferior region
How is abduction of the arm dome, what muscles and nerves
0 to 15 - supraspinatus muscle: suprascapular nerve
15 to 110 - deltoid muscle by axillar nerve
100 - 180: trapizeus muscle - accessory nerve and serrated anterior muscle - long thoracic nerve
Where does the humerus attach to the radial and ulnar bones
Radial bone with capitulum, ulnar bone with trochlea
What are the characteristics for the humerus
It is the bone of the arm, head of the bone attaches to the glenoid cavit, neck is most narrow and commonly fractures, intertubecular groove separates greater and lesser tubercles, radius attaches to capitullum ulnar to trochela
What nerve is damaged during glenohumeral dislocation
During glenohumeral dislocation, the dislocation occurs inferiorly but is labelled as anterior relative to the glenoid and numeral head positions. Axillary nerve is damaged causing flattened shoulder with prominent humeral head
How does anastomose occur in the scapula
From the subclavian artery : thyrocervical trunk forms transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery
From the axillary artery: Subscapular artery forms circumflex scapular artery and sbsc
Transverse cervical artery forms anastomoses with subscapular artery, suprascapular with circumflex scapular artery
What are the 2 branches of the thyrocervical trunk anastomoses
Suprascapular artery and transverse cervical artery
What are the 4 sites and parts damaged in humeral fractures
Surgical neck: Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
Midshaft: Radial nerve with deep brachial artery
Supracondylar region: Brachial artery and median nerve
Medial epicondyle: Ulnar nerve
Where do the biceps brachial muscle attach
Long head: attaches above glenoidhumeral joint
Short head: coracoid process
Where does the biceps brachial long and short head originate
Short head originates at the apex of the coracoid
Long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle
Where do the biceps brachial muscles insert and their function
Tuberosity of radius and fascia of the forearm by aponeurosis, it supinates flexed forearm and flexes forearm at elbow
What is the origin, insertion and action of brachialis muscle
Origin: distal half of the humerus
Inserts: Coronoid and ulnar tuberosity
Action: Flexes forearm at all elbow positions
What is the origin, insertion and action of coracobrachialis
Origin: Tip of coracoid process
Inserts: Middle 3rd of the medial surface of humerus
Action: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
What are the origins of triceps brachial muscle
Long head: infraglenoid tubercule
Lateral head: posterior humeral surface
Medial head: posterior surface of humerus and radial groove
Where do the posterior arm muscles attach
Olecranon of ulna
What are the 5 superficial flexor muscles
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, digitorium superficialis
