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Anatomy > Thoracic > Flashcards

Thoracic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the great vessels

A

Vessels that go into or out of the heart

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2
Q

What is the central compartment of the thorax called

A

mediastinum, it is the space between the lungs

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3
Q

What is the specialized lymphoid organ of the immune system

A

Thymus

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4
Q

What is the purpose of pericardial sac and pleural sac

A

These sacs surround the heart and lungs and secretes serous fluid that allows frictionless movement of the organ

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5
Q

Which vertebral body seperates superior and inferior mediastinum in posterior and anteiror

A

4th Thoracic vertebra in posterior, angle of louis anterior

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6
Q

What is the term used to describe when trachea enters the lungs

A

Biforkation at T4

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7
Q

What are the 3 major structures that biforkate

A

Biforkation of common carotid at C4 into the neck, Trachea at T4 to the thorax, Abdominal aorta L4

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8
Q

What are the 2 arteries that supply blood to the brain

A

Internal common carotid and vertebral artery

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9
Q

What are the 3 branches of the internal thoracic artery

A

Anterior intercostal nerves supplying the intercostal spaces, musculophernic artery start from the 6th costal cartilage and goes down laterally, superior eipgastric artery goes into the abdominal wall anterior

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10
Q

Which muscle is located with the long thoracic nerve with lateral thoracic artery

A

Serratus anterior muscle

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11
Q

Where is the superior vena cava located

A

It is located at the right side, posterior to the costal cartilage of the first rib

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12
Q

What vein system depletes the thoracic and anterolateral wall

A

Azygous vein

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13
Q

What veins is the starting point of the azygous veins

A

Ascending lumbar veins

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14
Q

How does the deoxygenated blood enter the right atrium in the thorax

A

In the anterior thorax, the anterior intercostal veins drain into the internal thoracic vein and into the brachiocephalic vein. The posterior intercostal vein drains the posterior and lateral thorax and then into the the azygous and hemiazygous veins and into the superior vena cava

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15
Q

Where does the lymph nodes of most thoracic structures drain into

A

broncomediastinal trunk

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16
Q

What parts are connected to the diaphragm

A

It is the roof of the abdomen and floor of the thorax, it is at L1 - L3, the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments and xiphoid process

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17
Q

What are the 3 major lymph groups

A

Parasternal nodes scatter along the internal thoracic artery and recieve lymph from breast, anterior thoracic wall. Intercostal nerves are in the intercostal spaces near the neck, head and posterolateral part of the chest. Diaphragmatic nodes are on the superior surface of the diaphragm and drain the central tendon of diaphragm

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18
Q

Diaphragm has 3 openings

A

Caval aperature (hiatus) at T8 to allow for IVC to pass, Esophageal aperature allows esophagus to pass at T10, aortic aperture at T12 allows for passage of aorta

19
Q

Pulmonary plexus

A

Continuation of the cardiac plexus, into the biforkation of the lungs, it regulates the movement of the pulmonary vessels and transmits sensation from the lung

20
Q

What ribs are around the breast

A

2nd and 6th rib

21
Q

What is retromammary space

A

It is losse connective tissue that sepetrates the breast from the fascia of the pectrolias major muscle and allows movement of the breast

22
Q

What branches supply the breast

A

Anterior intercostal branches, medial mammarly branchs, internal thoracic artery, lateral thoracic, thorcodorasl artery, axillary artery, and 2,3,4 intercostal arteries

23
Q

Which part of the body gives rise to coronary artery

A

Ascending aorta

24
Q

What branches gives rise to anterior and posterior intercostal artieries

A

Internal thoracic artery and descending aorta

25
Q

When is the aorta considered abdominal aorta

A

After it passes the diaphragm

26
Q

Where do aortic ruptures mainly occur, what is the location of the aortic isthmus

A

Aortic ruptures occur at the aortic isthmus, it is on the aortic arch and is immediately distal to the origin of the left subcalabian artery

27
Q

What muscle separates the subclavian artery segments

A

Scalene anterior

28
Q

What artery does thyrocervical trunk form

A

Inferior thyroid artery

29
Q

What are the segments of the axillary artery

A

1: superior thoracic artery for the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces
2. thoracoacrominal artery, lateral thoracic artery
3. Subscapular artery that gives out circumflex scapular and thoracdorsal, posterior humeral circumflex and anterior humeral circumflex artery

30
Q

How is the intercostal spaces supplied

A

Anterior: anterior intercostal arteries, 1-6 from internal thoracic artery and 7-9 from musculophernic artery
Posterior: posterior intercostal arteries, 1-2 from superior intercostal artery from costocervical trunk and 3-11 by descending aorta

31
Q

What veins combine to make SVC and where is it located

A

Brachiocephalic veins, posterior to the 1st costal cartilage

32
Q

What are the lymphs of the thorax

A

Thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, broncomeidastinal trunk

33
Q

What are the 3 lymph nodes of the thorax

A

Parasternal - run along internal thoracic artery, drain breast, anterior thoracic wall and upper abdominal wall
intercostal- drain the intercostal spaces in the head and neck of ribs
diaphragmatic nodes - drains superior part of diaphragm

34
Q

What causes paralysis of diaphragm and right hemidiaphragm

A

Damage to phernic nerve causing the diaphragm to not go down during inspiration but is pushed upward due to abdominal pressure

35
Q

What side and aspect does the diaphragmatic ruptures occur

A

Left side, posterolateral aspect

36
Q

What is the retromammary space

A

Loose CT that separates the underlying fascia and pectoralis major muscle

37
Q

What arteries supply the breast

A

Internal thoracic artery, thoracodorsal and lateral thoracic artery and 2,3,4 th posterior intercostal artery

38
Q

Where does the great venous blood drain into

A

Axillary vein or internal thoracic vein

39
Q

What nerve is damaged in the numbness of medial arm

A

Intercostalbrachial nerve

40
Q

What are the important points of the sternum

A

Manubrium has jugular notch and articulates with 2nd rib and clavicle
Body is with 2nd to 7th ribs
Xiphoid process

41
Q

How does the head and tubercle of the rib attach to the thoracic vertebrae

A

Head of the rib attaches to the costal demifacets on the vertebra
Tubercle of the rib attaches to the facets on the transverse process of the vertebra

42
Q

What is the difference between costovertebral and costotransverse

A

Costovertebral: When the head of the rib attaches to the superior and inferior demifactes of two thoracic vertebra
Costotransverse: Ehen the tubercle of the rib attaches to the facets on transverse process of the thoracic vertebra

43
Q

What is the function of the scalene muscle

A

Raise the upper ribs during inspiration

44
Q

What is the function of external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles

A

External helps raise the ribs during inspiration, internal and innermost lower the ribs during expiration

Anatomy (6 decks)

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