Lower Limb Flashcards
What is the artery and vein that is used for coronary shunt surgery
Internal thoracic artery, great saphenous vein
What nerves runs along the leg lateral to the great saphenous vein
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
What is plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion is flexion of foot, dorsiflexion is extension of foot
Inversion and eversion of foot is in what directions
Inversion is supination of foot, moving foot into the midline
Eversion is pronation of foot, moving foot out of midline
What is the ligament of the head of femur, what artery is in it and what artery gives its branch
Ligamentum teres, contains rectinacular artery which is branch of medial humeral circumflex artery
What artery is found inside the ligamentum teres, where does this artery originate
Foveolar artery, it is the acetabular branch of the Obturator artery
Who are most susceptible for femoral neck fracture
Femoral neck fracture occurs mainly in women over 60 years with osteoporosis
How is the femoral bone affected in fractures (the displacement of the bone)
Femoral bone is pulled upward by quadriceps femoris, adductor and hamstring muscles, causing shortening and lateral/external rotation
What artery supplies the femoral head
Retinacular artery by medial circumflex femoral artery
What is the symptoms of congenital hip dislocation and how can it be identified
Congenital hip dislocation causes the femoral head to be seated improperly in acetabulum, this causes shortening of the limb
In neonatal, we adduct and push the leg posteiorly, this cause a click sound
What nerve can be damaged in accquired hip dislocation
Sciatic nerve
What are the 4 muscles of the gluteal region
Gluetus Maximus, minimus, medius, tensor fasica latae
Gluteus medius is aponeurosis and most medial, tensor fascia is the most lateral
What is the action of gluetus maximus muscle
Gluteus Maximus is an extension of hip joint, flexed while standing, extended while sitting
What is piriform syndrome, what nerve is compressed and how can we differentiate it from sciatica
Piriform syndrome occurs due to inflammation of piriforms muscle which compressed the sciatic nerve that is inferior to it, causing pain in posterior thigh and gluteal regions. Sciatia is different as it is compression of lumbar nerves by IV hernias
Where should intramuscular gluteal injections be done (in what quadrant)
These injections should only be done on the superior lateral quadrant to avoid the sciatic nerve and vessels
What do the medial and lateral epicondyle attach
Ligaments of the knee
What muscles is the main extensor of the knee (patellar joint)
It is the main extensor of the knee joint
What muscles flexes both hip and thigh
Sartorius muscle
What is the action of recuts femoris , psoas major and iliacus muscle
Recuts femoris: Extends leg at knee joint and steadies hip joint, helps iliopdoss to flex thigh at hip
Psoas major: helps Iliacus flex the thigh at high joint ]
Iliacus: Acts on psoas major and flexes thigh at hip joint
What are the contents in and out of the femoral sheath and femoral triangle
Triangle: Nerve, artery, vein, ring and lymph
Sheath: Vein, artery and Canal
What 2 fasica extend to form the femoral sheath
Transversal is fasica and iliacus fascia
Where do femoral hernia pass in the femoral canal, what artery is blocked and what hiatus is protruded
Femoral hernia passes through the femoral ring in the inferior upper thigh lateral to the pubic tubercle. Corona mortis from Obtuator artery is blocked and the saphenous hiatus is protruded
What is the function of anterior and posterior muscles of the thigh
Anterior: extend knee, flex hip
Posterior: Flex knee, extend hip
What actions of median and lateral muscles occur
Median muscles: Adduction and internal rotation
Lateral muscles: Abduction and external rotation
