Pelvis

Question 1

Contents of the true and false pelvis are separated by

Answer 1

Pelvic diaphragm and two fascia layers

Question 2

What 3 muscles make up the levator ani

Answer 2

Iliocccygeus muscle, Pubococcygeus muscle, puborectalis muscle

Question 3

What is the puborectalis muscle and what are problems that occur when the muscle is damaged

Answer 3

Puborectalis muscle loops around the rectum and controls voluntary bowel movement. Incontinece is uncontrolled bowel movement due to damage in the puborectalis muscle

Question 4

What muscle separates the levator ani and obtuator internus muscle

Answer 4

Tendinous arch

Question 5

What separates the true and false pelvis

Answer 5

Pelvic brim at the pelvic inlet defines upper border of the true pelvis and separates it from the false pelvis, pelvic outlet is the lower border of the true pelvis

Question 6

What separates the true pelvis and the perineum

Answer 6

Muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is the pelvic diaphragm and it separates the true pelvis and the perineum

Question 7

What makes the pelvic girdle

Answer 7

Two hip bones and the sacrum

Question 8

Where does sacroilytis affect in the pelvis

Answer 8

It affects the sacroiliac joint

Question 9

What forms the ischiopubis ramus

Answer 9

Ramus of the ischium and inferior ramus of the pubis

Question 10

What is the composition of ischium

Answer 10

ischium spine, ischial ruberosity and lesser sciatic notch

Question 11

What is the composition of the pubis

Answer 11

Body, superior ramus and inferior ramus

Question 12

What bone is the sitting bone

Answer 12

ischial tuberosity

Question 13

Which pubic ramus is the lacunar ligament associated with

Answer 13

Superior pubic ramus

Question 14

What are the 3 parts of the sacrum

Answer 14

Dorsal sacral foramina, ventral sacral foramina, sacral hiatus

Question 15

Where do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament originate

Answer 15

Sacrospinous ligament originates on the sacrum and inserts into the ischial spine. Sacrotuberous ligament which orginiates from the sacrum and inserts into the ischial tuberosity

Question 16

What forms the greater and lesser scaitic foramen

Answer 16

Sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament

Question 17

What is the piriform muscle

Answer 17

Muscle that goes from the pelvis to the gluteal region

Question 18

What are the 2 Pirlformis muscle

Answer 18

Supra pirlformis foramen and Infra piriformis foramen

Question 19

What is the levator or genital hiatus

Answer 19

Gap between puborectalis muscle that allow for urethra, rectum and vagina to pass into the perineum

Question 20

What is the lowest point in the male peritoneal cavity

Answer 20

Rectovesical pouch between the bladder and rectum

Question 21

What is the lowest point in the female peritoneal cavity

Answer 21

Douglas pouch, rectouterine pouch

Question 22

What seperates rectum and prostate in males

Answer 22

Rectovesical septum, lower part is called rectoprostatic fascia

Question 23

What separates rectum and vagina in females

Answer 23

rectovaginal septum

Question 24

Which artery is the tail artery

Answer 24

Median sacral artery

Question 25

What are the borders and how is the pelvis separated into different layers

Answer 25

Pelvic brim at pelvic inlet separates the upper true pelvis from the false pelvis above it, pelvic outlet is the lower border of true pelvis
Pelvic diaphragm separates the true pelvis and the perineum
Diamond shaped perineum is divided into anal and urogenital triangle
Urogenital triangle is separated into upper deep space and lower superficial space

Question 26

What makes up the pelvic girdle

Answer 26

2 hip bones and sacrum

Question 27

How is female pelvis different to male pelvis

Answer 27

Female pelvis is wider and shorter compared to male pelvis

Question 28

What is the ilium, ischium and pubis made of

Answer 28

Ilium: lateral part of hip bone made of ASIS, AIIS, PIS, greater sciatic notch, iliac fossa and gluteal lines
Ischium: Ischium join superior pubic ramus to form acetabulum, ramus of ischium joins inferior pubic ramus to form ischiopubic ramus ischium is made of ischial spine, tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch
Pubis: anterior part of acetabulum, made of body, superior and inferior ramus

Question 29

What does the joining of superior and inferior rami form

Answer 29

Obtuator foramen

Question 30

What does the ischial spine divide posteriorly into

Answer 30

Greater and lesser sciatic notches

Question 31

What parts come from sacrum

Answer 31

Dorsal sacral foramina: dorsal primary semi of sacral spinal nerves
Ventral sacral foramina: ventral primary rami of sacral spinal nerves
Sacral hiatus: forms from incomplete fusion of laminate and S5 vertebra

Question 32

What are the landmarks of true and diagonal conjugate

Answer 32

True conjugate: upper border of pubic symphysis to tip of sacral promontory (11 cm)
Diagonal conjugate: lower border of pubic symphysis to tip of sacral promontory (12.5 cm)

Question 33

What are the joints of the pelvic girdle

Answer 33

Paired sacroiliac joints and pubic symphysis