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Radiology Vcast05 > upper extremities > Flashcards

upper extremities Flashcards

1
Q

AP projection of the fingers

A 
patient postion: siting upright 
Direction of the tube: perpendicular 
Central Ray: to proximal interphalangeal joint 
IR size: 8x10 
table top 
Crosswise 
SID: 40"
Bony Markings: the entire phalange requested, distal phalanx, middle phalanx, proximal phalanx
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2
Q

Lateral finger

A

patient position: 4&5 hand in lateral position resting on ulnar surface; for fingers 2 & 3 hand in lateral position resting on radial surface; finger in question is extended with other fingers flexed
Direction of tube: perpendicular to IR
center ray: to proximal interphalanageal joint
IR: 8x10
table top
IR postion: crosswise
SID: 40”
Boney markings: enter finger requested should be on the IR

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3
Q

Medial or Lateral oblique of fingers

A

Patient postion: finger is oblique 45 degrees; other fingers should be positioned so as not to overlap the finger in question
Direction of tube: perpendicular to IR
Central Ray: próximal interphalangeal joint
IR size: 8x10
Table top
IR probation: crosswise
SID: 40”
Bony Markings: an oblique view of the entire finger

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4
Q

AP of Thumb

A

Patient position: thumbs should be supinated on IR
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Central Ray: to the first metacarpal joint
IR size: 8x10
table top
IR: crosswise
SID: 40”
Bony Markings: entert frontal view of the thumb; three articulations should be demonstrated (inrephalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and carpometacarpal joints)

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5
Q

oblique of thumb

A

Patient positon: place the hand in the prone position; when the hand is pronated the thumb is in the oblique position
Direction of tube: Perpindicular
Central Ray: to metacarpophalangeal joint
IR size: 8x10
Table top
IR: crosswise
SID: 40”
Bony markings: oblique view of the enter thumb three articulations should be demonstrated. (CMC,MP & IP joint)

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6
Q

lateral of thumb

A 
patient position: fingers elevated enough to place the lateral surface of the thumb adjacent to IR 
Direction of the tube: Perpendicular 
center ray: to metacarpal joint 
IR size: 8x10
Table top 
IR position: crosswise 
SID: 40" 
Bony Markings: lateral view of the entire thumb; to include  three articulations (CMC, MP,& IP joints)
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7
Q

PA of hand

A

patient position: sitting, forearm resting on table, hand in pronation
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Center Ray: central ray to 3rd meracarpaphalangeal joint
IR size: 10x12
Table Top
crosswise
SID 40”
Bony markings: all the digits and the wrist bones, All phalanges, metacarpals and carpals. Fingers should be separated enough so that the soft tissue of fingers does not overlap

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8
Q

Oblique of hand

A

patient positon: sitting hand obliqued 45 degrees.
Direction of tube: perpendicular
central Ray: central ray to 3rd metacarpaphalageal joint
IR size: 10x12
table top
crosswise
SID: 40”
Bony Markings: oblique view of all the digits and the carpal bones; 1st and 2nd metacarpals should not overlap. slight overlap of the heads of 3,4, and 5 metacarpals. MC &m IP joints should be clearly seen.

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9
Q

Lateral view of hand

A

patient position: hand in lat. position; hand resting on ulnar surface. natural flection- For fracture, Lateral in extension- foreign bodies
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Central Ray: to metacarpaphalaneal joint
IR size: 10x 12
table top
IR: crosswise
SID: 40”
bony markings: metacarpals 2-5 and phalanges are superimposed; thumb should be seen in PA positon

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10
Q

Carpal Bones

A 
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium 
trapezoid 
capitate 
hamate
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11
Q

PA of wrist

A

Patient position: sitting hand resting on IR in pronated, fingers flexed to allow wrist to be flat
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Central Ray: the ray is centered at mid area of carpals
IR size: 10x12
table top
crosswise
SID: 40”
Bony Markings: Carpal bones, distal radius and ulna and proximal metacarpals, good view for ulnar styloid process

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12
Q

oblique view of wrist

A 
patient position: sitting; wrist resting on ulnar surface while and hand and fingers are slightly flexed. Oblique 45 degrees 
direction of tube: perpendicular 
Central Ray: mid-carpal area 
IR size: 10x12 
table top 
crosswise
SID:40"
Bony markings: demonstrate carpals on the lat. side of wrist.
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13
Q

Lateral view of the wrist

A

P.P: sitting; wrist resting on ulnar surface
direction of tube: perpendicular
central ray: the ray is center to midcarpal area
IR size: 10x12
Table top
crosswise
SID: 40”
Bony markings: entire view of the carpal bones, distal radius and ulnar superimposed

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14
Q

PA of scaphoid (Navicular)

A

PP: sitting: forearm resting on the table; wrist resting on its anterior surface; hand is in ulnar deviation
Direction of tube: CR ample 10 to 15 degrees towards Elbow
center ray: to the scaphoid (navicular)
IR: size 10x12
table top
crosswise or lateral
SID:40”
bony markings: scaphoid (navicular) projected clear with only minimum overlap at either end; Scaphoid (navicular) should not appear foreshortened.

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15
Q

AP of forearm (ulna and Radius)

A

P.P: siting down; hand supinated with entire hand resting on table.
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Central ray: the ray is centered at the mid-shaft of the ulna and radius
IR size: 10x12
Table Top
length wise
SID: 40”
bony markings: frontal view of entire ulna and radius; to include the wrist and elbow joints

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16
Q

lateral view of the forearm

A

PP: siitng on stool at end of X-ray table; extremity resting on IR with the elbow flexed 90 degrees; hand in true lat. pos; forearm resting on ulnar side
Direction of tube: perpendicular
center ray: the ray is centered at the mid-shaft of the ulna and radius
IR size: 10x12
table top
length wise
SID: 40”
bony markings: lateral view of the entire ulna and radius; the ulnar head superimposed on radius, epicondyles superimposed. radial head superimposed on coronoid process

17
Q

AP of elbow

A 
PP: sitting on stool with the am fully extended on X-ray table 
Direction of tube: perpendicular 
center ray: at the elbow joint 
IR size: 10x12
table top 
length wise or crosswise 
SID: 40"
bony markings: frontal view of elbow joint to include the distal part of humerus and proximal radius and ulna elbow space between the radial head and capitulum should be clearly seen. redial head, neck and radial tubercle are slightly superimposed on proximal ulna.
18
Q

lateral view of Elbow

A 
PP: sitting; the elbow is flexed at a 90 degree angle; hand resting on ulnar surface; 
direction of the tube: perpendicular 
center ray; at the joint of the elbow
10x 12
table top 
length wise or crosswise 
SID: 40" 
bony markings: lateral view of elbow which includes the proximal part of Radius & ulna,  and distal part of Humerus; good view of oleacrnon process. About 1/3 of radial head superimposed by coronoid.
19
Q

AP Oblique of elbow (medial oblique)

A 
PP: extend elbow and supinate the hand then from this position have patient pronate the hand 
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Central Ray: elbow joint 
IR size: 10x12
table top 
Crosswise 
SID: 40"
bony markings: coronoid process projected free of superimposition
20
Q

AP oblique of elbow (lateral oblique)

A 
PP: First extend elbow and supinate hand then from this position rotate forearm and hand 45 degrees externally 
Direction of tube: perpendicular 
Central Ray: to elbow joint 
IR size: 10x12
table top
IR position: crosswise 
SID: 40"
Bony markings: capitulum and Radial head are well demonstrated
21
Q

Humerus AP

A

AP supine or erect; hand is supine (coronal plane between the epicondyles is parallel to IR)
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Center ray: to the shaft of the humerus
IR size: 14x17
Bucky, but can be table top for a small patient
IR: length wise
IR distance: 40”
bony markings: the entire humerus; the greater tubercle should be projected laterally and demonstrated in profile

22
Q

lateral view of humerus

A

PP: supine, hand should be turned internally util the coronal plane between the epicondyles is perpendicular to IR
Direction of tube: perpendicular
center ray: the ray is centered to the shaft of the humerus
IR size: 14x17
Bucky however, can be table top for small patients
IR: length wise
SID: 40”
bony markings: the entier humerus; lesser tubercle should be projected medially; humeral condyles should be superimposed

23
Q

AP shoulder

A

PP: Mid coronal plane of epicondyles is parallel with IR; Done in the supine position o erect; elbow fully extended, hand is in supination
direction of tube: perpendicular
Central Ray: one inch inferior to the coracoid process (Coracoid is about 3/4 of an inch inferior to the lateral portion of the clavicle)
IR size 10x12
Bucky
IR positon: crosswise
IR distance: 40”
bony markings: scapula, clavicle, proximal humerus and glenoid fossa; profile view of greater tubercle

24
Q

shoulder (internal rotation)

A

PP: supine, arm rotated internally with the hand in extreme pronation
- coronal plane of epicondyles is perpendicular to the IR
Direction of tube: perpendicular
CR: one inch inferior to Coracoid process: (coracoid is about 3/4 inch inferior to the lateral portion of the clavicle)
IR size 10x12
Bucky
IR position: crosswise
SID: 40”
bony markings: the lesser tuberosity projected medially:; scapula proximal humerus are also demented

25
Q

transthoraic view of humerus (Lawrence position)

A

PP: can be done erect o supine; side of interest against IR; opposte extremity is elevated above the patient’s head.
Direction of tube: perpendicular
Central Ray: the ray is centered at the mid-point of the IR
IR size: 10x12
Bucky
IR position length wise
SID: 40”
Boney markings: lateral view of humerus projected through the thorax. (might use breathing technique to blur out other organs) humeral head must be included on IR

26
Q

Axial view of the shoulder (Lawrence Position) inferior superior projection

A

PP: supine; the extremity being examined is abducted to form 90m degree angle to long axis of boy. keep hand supinated.
Direction of tube: perpendicular
central ray: the ray is centered to the axilla to the region of the acromioclavicular joint.
IR: 10x12
Grid
IR position: crosswise
SID 40”
Bony markings: upper end of humerus, glenoid fossa, lateral portion of coracoid pointing anteriorly, and acromioclavicular articulation.

27
Q

Clavicle; AP projection

A 
PP: supine ro prone 
Direction of tube: 90 degree angle 
central ray: center to the mid-point of clavicle 
IR size: 10x12
Bucky 
IR postion: crosswise
SID: 40"
Bony markings: clavicle, scapula, and humerus
28
Q

Axial view of clavicle

A

PP: supine; AP projection
Direction of tube: 15 to 30 degrees cephalad ( towards the head), degree of angle depends on size of patients
central ray: the ray is center to mid-shaft of the clavicle
IR size: 10x12
Bucky
IR position; cross-wise
SID: 40”
bony markings: Axial view of clavicle: most of the clavicle is projected above the ribs and scapula

29
Q

AC joints (Acromioclavicular joint AP)

A 
PP: upright
tube: perpendicular 
Central ray: the C.R is centered 1 Inch above jugular notch 
Digital IR: 14x17
Bucky 
IR position: crosswise
SID: 72"
bony markings: clavicle, humerus, and scapula; and both AC joints should be included
30
Q

AP scapula

A

PP: PT. supine; arm is abducted; to form a 90 degree plane with long axis of body Direction of tube: 90
C.R.: mid scapula
IR size: 10x12
bucky
IR position: lengthwise
SID: 40”
Bony markings: entire scapula; acromion process, coracoid process, and gleniod fossa clearly visible

31
Q

lateral projection of scapula

A

PP: patient is positioned in RAO/LAO; adjust the body (rotate body) to place the scapula perpendicular to the plane of the IR. To demonstrate the body of scapula rest forearm of effect side on head. to demonstrate the acromion and coracoid process better, have the patent flex elbow and place in back at level of their waist.
Direction of tube perpendicular to the IR
central ray: to the mid-point of the vertebral (medial) border of the scapula
IR size: 10x12
Bucky
IR position: length wise
SID: 40” bony markings: A lateral view of the scapula: the axillary (lateral) and vertebral (medial) borders of the scapula are superimposed)

Radiology Vcast05 (18 decks)

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