rad production ch. 17

Question 1

pathology

Answer 1

med. science that is concerned with all aspects of disease, the structure, its function and how it changes

Question 2

additive conditions

Answer 2

is an increase in thickness of tissue density (z#) causing an increase attenuation

Question 3

destructive conditions

Answer 3

if there is a decrease in thickness if tissue density (z#) causes less attenuation

Question 4

Abscess

Answer 4

ADDITIVE CONDITION an encapsulated infection increases tissue thickness and may alter composition particularly in the lungs (can be in any part of the body)

Question 5

edema

Answer 5

ADDITIVE CONDITION swelling causes an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition of it occurs in the lungs (can be in any part of the body)

Question 6

tumor

Answer 6

ADDITIVE CONDITION am abnormal new growth in tissue results in an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition, particularly in the lungs or bones when calcification results (Can be in any part of the body)

Question 7

Atelectasis (lungs)

Answer 7

ADDITIVE CONDITION a collapse of the lung result in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. this causes lung tissue to increase

Question 8

bronchiectasis (lungs)

Answer 8

ADDITIVE CONDITION chronic dilatation of the bronchi can result in peribronchial thickening and small areas of atelectasis. this causes an increase in lung tissue density

Question 9

cardiomegaly (lungs)

Answer 9

ADDITIVE CONDITION an enlargement of the heart causes an increase in thickness of the part

Question 10

congestive heart failure (lungs)

Answer 10

ADDITIVE CONDITION when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished. causing vaso constriction. tissue density increases; heart enlarged

Question 11

Empyema (lungs)

Answer 11

ADDITIVE CONDITION pus in the thoracic cavity causes an increase in tissue density

Question 12

Plerual Effisions hemothorax/ hydrothorax (lungs)

Answer 12

ADDITIVE CONDITION when the pleural cavity fills with blood or serous fluid; increase tissue density with in the theocratic cavity

Question 13

Pneumoconiosis (lungs)

Answer 13

ADDITIVE CONDITION inhaling of dust particles causing fibrotic (scarring); increased lung tissue

Question 14

Pneumonectomy (lungs)

Answer 14

ADDITIVE CONDITION the removal of a lung will cause affected side to demonstrate increased tissue density

Question 15

pneumonia (lungs)

Answer 15

ADDITIVE CONDITION inflammation of the lung tissue and the alveolar spaces; fluid has thicker density

Question 16

Pulmonary Edema (lungs)

Answer 16

ADDITIVE CONDITION fluid fills the interstitial lung tissue and alveolar. typically complication of congestive heart failure. increased tissue density.

Question 17

Tuberculosis (lungs)

Answer 17

ADDITIVE CONDITION infection by a mycobacteria causes inflammatory response, causing an increase in fluid in the lung. if inhaled it begins at the upper lobes. if it makes its way into the blood stream it becomes more advanced. increased tissue density

Question 18

Aortic Aneurysum (abdomen)

Answer 18

ADDITIVE CONDITION a large dilation of the aorta; increased thickness of affected stop

Question 19

Ascites (abdomen)

Answer 19

ADDITIVE CONDITION fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity; increased tissue thickness. free fluid has a “ground glass” appearance radiographically.

Question 20

calcified stones (abdomen)

Answer 20

ADDITIVE CONDITION commonly found in the gallbladder and kidneys

Question 21

Cirrhosis (abdomen)

Answer 21

ADDITIVE CONDITION fibrotic Changes in the liver causing the liver to enlarge can cause ascites ; increased tissue density in the liver and abdomen

Question 22

Acromegaly (bones)

Answer 22

ADDITIVE CONDITION an overgrowth of the hands feet, face and jaw as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone; increase in bone mass

Question 23

chronic osteomyelitis (bones)

Answer 23

ADDITIVE CONDITION chronic bone infection resulting in new bone growth at infection site

Question 24

hydrocephalus (bones)

Answer 24

ADDITIVE CONDITION a dilation of the fluid filled cerebral ventricles cause an enlargement of the head; increase thickness.

Question 25

Osteochondroma (bones)

Answer 25

ADDITIVE CONDITION tumor arising in the bone and cartilage; increase thickness of bone

Question 26

Paget’s disease/osteitis deformans (bones)

Answer 26

ADDITIVE CONDITION an increase in bone cell activity; new bone growth (increased bone thickness). pelvis, spine, and skull.

Question 27

sclerosis (bones)

Answer 27

ADDITIVE CONDITION harding of the bone b/c of chronic inflammation in bone; increases bone density

Question 28

Anorexia Nervosa (any body part)

Answer 28

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION phycological eating disorder, resulting in extreme weight loss and reduction in thickness

Question 29

Atrophy (any body part)

Answer 29

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation; reduction of thickness of a certain part of the body or all.

Question 30

Emaciation (chest)

Answer 30

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION a generalized wasting away of body tissue; reduced tissue thickness of body

Question 31

pneumothorax (chest)

Answer 31

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION free air in the pleural cavity displaces normal lung tissue; decreased density within the thoracic cavity

Question 32

Aerophagia (chest)

Answer 32

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION psych. disorder resulting on abnormal swallowing of air; stomach becomes dilated b/c of air; overall tissue density decreases

Question 33

Bowel Obstruction (chest)

Answer 33

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION obstruction in the bowel results in the abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. large amount of air is trapped in bowl; overall density of the tissue decrease

Question 34

Active Osteomyelisis (bones)

Answer 34

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION with a bone infection there is a initially a loss of bone tissue; decrease in the thickness the part.

Question 35

Carcinoma (bones)

Answer 35

DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONMalignancies in the bone can cause an osteolytic process ; decrease thickness and composition of the part

Question 36

degenerative Arthritis (bones)

Answer 36

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION Inflammation of the joints; destruction of adjoining bone tissue; decreases composition of the part

Question 37

Fibrosarcoma (bones)

Answer 37

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION malignant tumor of the metaphysics of bone caused an osteolytic lesion with a “moth- eaten” appearance; reduced bone composition

Question 38

gout (bones)

Answer 38

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION during chronic stages of this metabolic disease, bone destruction is seen as punched-out lesions; reduce bone composition

Question 39

Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid)

Answer 39

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION oversecretion of parathyriodhormon, causing calcium to leave the entire body and bloodstream. demineralization occurs and composition is decreased

Question 40

multiple myeloma (bones)

Answer 40

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION malignant tumor comes from plasma in cells of the bone marrow cause punched-out osteolytic areas on the bone. decreases tissue composition.

Question 41

osteolytic metastases (bones)

Answer 41

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION some malignancies spread to bone, produce destruction in bone resulting in reduced composition

Question 42

osteomalacia (bones)

Answer 42

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION defect in bone mineralization results in decreased composition of the affected bone

Question 43

osteoporosis (bones)

Answer 43

DEGENERATIVE CONDITION defect in the bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix resulting in decreased composition of the affected bone