rad production ch. 17 Flashcards
pathology
med. science that is concerned with all aspects of disease, the structure, its function and how it changes
additive conditions
is an increase in thickness of tissue density (z#) causing an increase attenuation
destructive conditions
if there is a decrease in thickness if tissue density (z#) causes less attenuation
Abscess
ADDITIVE CONDITION an encapsulated infection increases tissue thickness and may alter composition particularly in the lungs (can be in any part of the body)
edema
ADDITIVE CONDITION swelling causes an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition of it occurs in the lungs (can be in any part of the body)
tumor
ADDITIVE CONDITION am abnormal new growth in tissue results in an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition, particularly in the lungs or bones when calcification results (Can be in any part of the body)
Atelectasis (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION a collapse of the lung result in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. this causes lung tissue to increase
bronchiectasis (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION chronic dilatation of the bronchi can result in peribronchial thickening and small areas of atelectasis. this causes an increase in lung tissue density
cardiomegaly (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION an enlargement of the heart causes an increase in thickness of the part
congestive heart failure (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished. causing vaso constriction. tissue density increases; heart enlarged
Empyema (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION pus in the thoracic cavity causes an increase in tissue density
Plerual Effisions hemothorax/ hydrothorax (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION when the pleural cavity fills with blood or serous fluid; increase tissue density with in the theocratic cavity
Pneumoconiosis (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION inhaling of dust particles causing fibrotic (scarring); increased lung tissue
Pneumonectomy (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION the removal of a lung will cause affected side to demonstrate increased tissue density
pneumonia (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION inflammation of the lung tissue and the alveolar spaces; fluid has thicker density
Pulmonary Edema (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION fluid fills the interstitial lung tissue and alveolar. typically complication of congestive heart failure. increased tissue density.
Tuberculosis (lungs)
ADDITIVE CONDITION infection by a mycobacteria causes inflammatory response, causing an increase in fluid in the lung. if inhaled it begins at the upper lobes. if it makes its way into the blood stream it becomes more advanced. increased tissue density
Aortic Aneurysum (abdomen)
ADDITIVE CONDITION a large dilation of the aorta; increased thickness of affected stop
Ascites (abdomen)
ADDITIVE CONDITION fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity; increased tissue thickness. free fluid has a “ground glass” appearance radiographically.
calcified stones (abdomen)
ADDITIVE CONDITION commonly found in the gallbladder and kidneys
Cirrhosis (abdomen)
ADDITIVE CONDITION fibrotic Changes in the liver causing the liver to enlarge can cause ascites ; increased tissue density in the liver and abdomen
Acromegaly (bones)
ADDITIVE CONDITION an overgrowth of the hands feet, face and jaw as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone; increase in bone mass
chronic osteomyelitis (bones)
ADDITIVE CONDITION chronic bone infection resulting in new bone growth at infection site
hydrocephalus (bones)
ADDITIVE CONDITION a dilation of the fluid filled cerebral ventricles cause an enlargement of the head; increase thickness.
Osteochondroma (bones)
ADDITIVE CONDITION tumor arising in the bone and cartilage; increase thickness of bone
Paget’s disease/osteitis deformans (bones)
ADDITIVE CONDITION an increase in bone cell activity; new bone growth (increased bone thickness). pelvis, spine, and skull.
sclerosis (bones)
ADDITIVE CONDITION harding of the bone b/c of chronic inflammation in bone; increases bone density
Anorexia Nervosa (any body part)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION phycological eating disorder, resulting in extreme weight loss and reduction in thickness
Atrophy (any body part)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation; reduction of thickness of a certain part of the body or all.
Emaciation (chest)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION a generalized wasting away of body tissue; reduced tissue thickness of body
pneumothorax (chest)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION free air in the pleural cavity displaces normal lung tissue; decreased density within the thoracic cavity
Aerophagia (chest)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION psych. disorder resulting on abnormal swallowing of air; stomach becomes dilated b/c of air; overall tissue density decreases
Bowel Obstruction (chest)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION obstruction in the bowel results in the abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. large amount of air is trapped in bowl; overall density of the tissue decrease
Active Osteomyelisis (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION with a bone infection there is a initially a loss of bone tissue; decrease in the thickness the part.
Carcinoma (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONMalignancies in the bone can cause an osteolytic process ; decrease thickness and composition of the part
degenerative Arthritis (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION Inflammation of the joints; destruction of adjoining bone tissue; decreases composition of the part
Fibrosarcoma (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION malignant tumor of the metaphysics of bone caused an osteolytic lesion with a “moth- eaten” appearance; reduced bone composition
gout (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION during chronic stages of this metabolic disease, bone destruction is seen as punched-out lesions; reduce bone composition
Hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION oversecretion of parathyriodhormon, causing calcium to leave the entire body and bloodstream. demineralization occurs and composition is decreased
multiple myeloma (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION malignant tumor comes from plasma in cells of the bone marrow cause punched-out osteolytic areas on the bone. decreases tissue composition.
osteolytic metastases (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION some malignancies spread to bone, produce destruction in bone resulting in reduced composition
osteomalacia (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION defect in bone mineralization results in decreased composition of the affected bone
osteoporosis (bones)
DEGENERATIVE CONDITION defect in the bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix resulting in decreased composition of the affected bone
