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Radiology Vcast05 > DCR & DDR > Flashcards

DCR & DDR Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of a CR plate/ IR

A

Protective Layer, phosphor layer, conductor layer, support layer, light shield layer, and backing layer

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2
Q

what is the protective layer?

A

keeps the plate safe from trauma

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3
Q

phosphor layer

A

contains the photostimulable phosphors/PSP

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4
Q

what is the usual components in the PSP

A

Barium fluorohalid with Europium or bromide and iodides with Europium

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5
Q

conductor layer

A

grounds the plate to eliminate electrostatic issue, and absorbs light to increase sharpness

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6
Q

support layer

A

the base on which to coat the other layers

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7
Q

light shild layer

A

prevents light from erasing data or leaking through the backing

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8
Q

Backing layer

A

made of lead and reduces back scatter which = high contrast

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9
Q

how does the CR imaging plate prevent the entire range of exposure to be digitized

A

the exposure data only processes the optimal density exposure range

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10
Q

how is the CR IR read

A

reads the image from the leading edge to the plate to the opposite end, it I displayed exactly how it was read and the reader must be informed father orientation of the anatomy

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11
Q

when should the anatomical part be selected when using a IRD?

A

Before the plate is put into the IRD

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12
Q

what is the first step of the Digital CR?

A

X-rays excite PSP outer shell electrons to a metastable state and when they return to ground state the emit a polychromatic light (blue)

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13
Q

what is the PSP in regards to what they do

A

it is the scintillator which absorbs X-ray energy and emits light.

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14
Q

what is the second thing that happens to the CR’s IR?

A

we place the IR in the IRD so ti can be read. where it is exposed to monochromatic light which speeds up the electrons process that brings the electrons back to ground state ( EMITS LIGHT)

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15
Q

what is the third step that happens to a CR’s IP?

A

the IP moves slow while the laser scans the plate fast.

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16
Q

what is the forth step what occurs in a CR’s IP?

A

coupling element transfers the generated signal and sends it to the collection element (photodetector) by Optic system and Optic filter,

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17
Q

what is Optic system

A

it is one of the components of coupling effect that picks up the phosphor’s emitted light and sends it to the photodetector

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18
Q

what is optical filter

A

it is one of the components of coupling element that makes sure it only picks up the wavelengths of the emitted signal from the phosphor and not the laser light signal

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19
Q

how is quantum noise created in CR

A

when a high kVp is used and a low mAs is used in order obtain an image, which creates the salt and pepper effect or density fluctuations

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20
Q

what happens if a IP is not placed in the IRD within 8 hrs

A

25% of data is lost

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21
Q

what is indirect capture, flat panel?

A

when an x-ray in DR goes from photon to scintillator to photodiode to TFT then to the computer

22
Q

what is indirect capture, CCD

A

in DR where photon goes scintillator to lens then CCD then the computer

23
Q

what is direct conversion, flat panel

A

in DR when photon goes to photoconductor then to the TFT then to the computer

24
Q

what happens in a DDR indirect conversion flat panel detector signal chain? (in order)

A

X-ray tube>target>X-ray photons>scintillation layer> visible light photons>photo Diodes>Electrons>Amorphous silicon>TFT>Computer

25
Q

First step in a DDR indirect conversion (flat panel/CCD)

A

two-step process: scintillator that captures X-rays and converts them to visible light. emits light isotropically and reduces spatial resolution.

26
Q

second step in DDR indirect conversion (flat panel)

A

Photodetectors such as amorphous silicon photodiode array

27
Q

third step in DDR indirect conversion (flat panel)

A

TFT thin-film transistor; Direct read out by sending it to the computer

28
Q

second step in indirect conversion (CCD)

A

hits a lens

29
Q

third step in indirect conversion (CCD)

A

CCD’s convert the light into an electric charge

30
Q

4th step in indirect conversion (CCD)

A

electric charge goes from CCD to computer

31
Q

what is a pixel in the Active Matrix Array (AMA)

A

each TFT and detector

32
Q

what is DEL in the (AMA)

A

charge collecting detector element/TFT

33
Q

other names for TFT

A

collecting element/ DEL detector element

34
Q

how big is each TFT?

A

100 to 200 micrometers in size

35
Q

how is the digital signal of the TFT read out

A

one pixel at a time

36
Q

which systems are direct conversion?

A

Direct Ray; Hologic, kodak, Rockester, and NY

37
Q

which systems are indirect conversion?

A

cannon CXDI-11, General Electric Medical Systems; Milwaukee, WI, and Trixell; Philips, Siemens, Thompson.

38
Q

DCR’s sharpness

A

2-5 Ip/mm

39
Q

Film screen’s sharpness

A

3-6 Ip/mm

40
Q

DDR’s sharpness

A

3-5 Ip/mm

41
Q

how do you adjust brightness level (density)

A

Window leveling

42
Q

how do you adjust contrast

A

window width

43
Q

high window leveling is what

A

narrow window width

44
Q

low window leveling is what

A

wide window width

45
Q

Exposure indicator

A

amount of radiation the IR receives

46
Q

what is the Exposure Indicator for Fuji and Konica

A

Sensitivity (S)

47
Q

what is the Exposure indicator for carestream (Kodak)

A

Exposure Index (EI)

48
Q

Agfa

A

Log median value (lgM)

49
Q

Gadolinium Oxysulfide

A

Indirect Capture

50
Q

Direct capture photon conductor is made of

A

amorphous selenium

Radiology Vcast05 (18 decks)

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