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Radiology II > Upper and Lower GI study > Flashcards

Upper and Lower GI study Flashcards

1
Q

What are several reasons a UGI may not be diagnostic?

A

Improper prep of the patient, inadequate # of x-rays taken, or not enough contrast agent

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2
Q

What are 4 indications for performing a UGI?

A

Weight loss, painful abdomen, chronic or intermittent vomiting, suspected foreign body

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3
Q

What are some reasons for performing survey radiographs before administering barium?

A

Check machine settings, determine if contrast study is necessary, determine adequate prep of patient

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4
Q

Patient prep for a UGI includes what?

A

Give enema 2 hours before procedure, pull drugs from animal before study, off food for 12-24 hours

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5
Q

If sedation is needed, what drug is recommended for dogs?

A

acepromazine

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6
Q

If sedation is needed, what drug is recommended for cats?

A

Acepromazine or ketamine

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7
Q

What are 2 advantages of liquid barium over powdered barium?

A

Doesn’t precipitate out and has better mucosal detail

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8
Q

What is the precaution/contraindication for using barium?

A

Do not use if any GI perforations

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9
Q

What contrast agent should be used instead of barium is GI perforation is suspected?

A

radiopaque iodine

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10
Q

What are some disadvantages of an oral iodine contrast agent?

A

causes dehydration, mose expensive, and less detail and contrast

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11
Q

As far as the dose of contrast agent, what is a common problem causing non-diagnostic x-rays?

A

not giving enough contrast agent

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12
Q

Liquid barium is usually bought as a 60% solution and then diluted to a 30% solution. This would require how much water and how much 60% barium?

A

equal parts tap water and barium

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13
Q

What is the dosage range for barium?

A

4-6ml/lb

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14
Q

Which end of the barium range would be used for a small dog?

A

6ml/lb

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15
Q

Which end of the barium range would be used for a large dog?

A

4ml/lb

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16
Q

What is used to dilute barium?

A

tap water

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17
Q

What are some advantages of diluting the oral iodine contrast agent?

A

use less so less expensive, less dehydration, lesser chance of electrolyte imbalance

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18
Q

What ratio is used when diluting the radiopaque iodine?

A

1: 5
iodine: water

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19
Q

What is used to dilute the iodine product with?

A

tap water

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20
Q

What is the dosage with the iodine compound?

A

4-6ml/lb

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21
Q

What are 2 methods of administering the contrast agent to the patient?

A

stomach tube or orally

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22
Q

What are 3 possible mouth speculums for the dog or cat?

A

tape roll, syringe case, syringe barrels

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23
Q

What is another term for stomach tube?

A

orogastric tube

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24
Q

What is the timing sequence for taking x-rays of the upper GI using barium in the dog?

A

0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, hourly

25
Q

What is the timing sequence for taking x-rays of the upper GI using barium in cats?

A

0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, every 30 minutes

26
Q

What views are initially taken for a UGI?

A

VD, Left and Right lateral, DV

27
Q

What views are take each time after the first set for a UGI?

A

VD and Left lateral

28
Q

For how long should one continue x-rays?

A

until agent reaches colon

29
Q

How long does it take for the agent to reach the colon in dogs?

A

2-4 hours

30
Q

How long does it take for the agent to reach the colon in cats?

A

60 minutes

31
Q

What is the time sequence for taking the x-rays when organic iodide is used as the medium?

A

0 minuted and then every 15 minutes

32
Q

What is the “string of pearls” sometimes seen on the feline GI series?

A

normal variation of peristaltic activity

33
Q

How can the colon best be evaluated?

A

LGI, enema barium

34
Q

The barium enema procedure is used to study what?

A

Postion and contour of the colon and rectum

35
Q

For the LGI examination, barium is given how?

A

gravity can, enema bag or pump

36
Q

Studies resulting from the oral administration of the contrast agent result in many artifacts due to what?

A

incomplete distention of the large bowel wall, small amounts of material from the small bowel which pass with the contrast material

37
Q

Signs the patient may present with that would suggest a LGI study will help in a diagnosis may include what major 2 things?

A

Large bowel diarrhea and fresh blood in feces

38
Q

A LGI study may indicate what?

A

colonic or rectal polyps and/or neoplasia colitis or other mucosal disease, intussusception, diverticulosis or diverticulitis

39
Q

What are the 3 types of LGI studies that may be performed?

A

positive, negative, double

40
Q

Air can be instilled into the colon along with the barium contrast medium to further define structures of the large bowel and rectum, this is referred to as what?

A

Double contrast

41
Q

Polyps and small cancers are more readily found using which type of LGI study?

A

Double contrast

42
Q

What study is most appropriate for detecting colorectal polyps and potentially curable colorectal cancers?

A

Double contrast

43
Q

When diluting Barium for the LGI study you should use what?

A

Saline

44
Q

What is the dosage for Barium?

A

5-7ml/lb

45
Q

What is the dosage for Air for Negative study?

A

5-7ml/lb

46
Q

What is the dosage for Air for Double contrast study?

A

5-7ml/lb

47
Q

What is the dosage for Radiopaque iodine?

A

5-7ml/lb

48
Q

When should barium enema NOT be performed?

A

If GI perforation is suspected

49
Q

Supplies needed for performing a barium enema include what?

A

Enema catheter, syringes, kidney pan, enema can or bag, 3-way valve

50
Q

What views are used for the survey radiographs for LGI?

A

VD and lateral

51
Q

How/where do you center the patient for a LGI?

A

pelvis to 8th rib

52
Q

Most patients should be fasted for how long before performing an LGI?

A

24 hours

53
Q

Why is a cuff on the enema tip essential?

A

it prevents leakage

54
Q

Which view is used to determine if an adequate amount of contrast agent has been administered?

A

VD

55
Q

When is the lateral view taken for an LGI?

A

When proper distention is achieved

56
Q

When performing a double contrast LGI, which contrast agent is administered first?

A

Air

57
Q

Once x-rays are completed what is done with the barium that is in the colon?

A

It is left and should outline any small lesions of the small bowel

58
Q

What should be done if the x-ray shows barium back flowing into the small intestines?

A

drain the excess barium off through enema tube

Radiology II (8 decks)

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