Cystogram/Kidney Study/Pneumocystogram Flashcards
A cystogram is the study of what?
bladder
What are the indications for performing a Cystogram?
Abnormal urine which does not respond to medical treatment, polyuria, dysuria, bladder size, shape, and location
What are the 3 types of Cystograms that can be done?
positive, negative, double
What contrast agent is used for positive Cystograms?
radiopaque iodine
What contrast agent is used for negative Cystograms?
Air or CO2
What contrast agent is used for double contrast studies?
Combination of negative and positive contrast agents
What supplies are needed for Cystograms?
urethral catheter, lubricating jelly, sterile gloves, cleanser, paper towels, speculum and light, syringe and catheter adapter, 3-way valve, contrast agent
Patient prep for a Cystogram includes what?
Off food 24 hours, enema at least 2 hours prior if indicated
Why might tranquilization or general anesthesia be necessary for Cystogram patient prep?
to inflate bladder fully
What views are taken for Cystograms?
VD and lateral views of abdomen including entire urinary tract
What are the basic steps in performing a Cystogram?
Place urinary catheter, administer air, leave catheter in place while x-rays are taken
How much air is administered for a Cystogram?
5ml/lb
How much positive contrast is used for a Cystogram?
3-5ml/lb
How much negative contrast is used for a Cystogram?
3-5ml/lb
How much double contrast is used for a Cystogram?
3-10ml/lb
What supplies are needed for a Pneumocystogram?
Urinary catheter, 3-way valve, Gauze or cotton, Sterile gloves, Cassettes, Markers, Large syringe, Kidney pan, Sterile saline solution, Acepromazine, Needle and syringe, Aprons, X-ray machine
How long should a patient be fasted for a Pneumocystogram?
12 hours
What positions are taken for survey radiographs for a Penumocystogram?
Abdomen-bladder, VD and Lateral
What is the area of interest for a Pneumocystogram?
13th rib to pelvis, center on bladder
What views are taken for Pneumocystogram?
Left and Right lateral, VD, Right and Left VD oblique
What terms are used for contrast study of the kidneys?
Urography and Pyelography
When performing a Pyelography, by what route is the contrast agent administered?
IV
What is placed on the abdomen during a Pyelography?
Compression bands to compress the ureters
When planning a Pyelography, if a urinalysis needs to be done, when should the urine be collected?
Before administering the agent
What contrast agent is used for excretory urography?
water-soluble organic iodide
What are the 5 indications for performing an intravenous Pyelogram?
size, shape, location and margination of kidneys and ureters
What is the dosage to use for an intravenous Pyelogram study?
200-400mg/lb
What equipment is needed for a kidney study?
IV catheter, kidney pan, antiseptic solutions, clippers, #40 blade, syringe w/ saline, contrast solution, compression band
What patient prep is needed for an IVP?
GI tract free of ingest, fast 24 hour, no water for 12 hours, empty bladder, enema
What views are taken for the survey radiographs for kidney study?
Lateral and VD
How long should the patient be kept off food before an IVP?
24 hours
What technique chart is used for a kidney study?
abdomen
To avoid over penetration of the contrast agent, try to keep kVp settings for a kidney study below what?
70 kVp
Why should a grid be used for an IVP?
for maximum differentiation
For an IVP, where is the patient measured and then centered on the film?
from 10th rib to pelvis
What positions are used for taking survey radiographs for Cystograms?
VD and lateral views of the abdomen
