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Anatomy and Physiology > Upper Airway I > Flashcards

Upper Airway I Flashcards

1
Q

how is the nasal cavity kept patent

A

by its bony and cartilaginous framework

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2
Q

waht does each cavity of the nasal cavity consist of

A

roof,
floor,
medial wall,
lateral wall

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3
Q

what are the three regions of the nasal cavities

A

1) nasal vestibule
2) respiratory region
3) olfactory region

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4
Q

what organs does the oral cavity contain

A

lips
tongue
teeth
salivary glands

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5
Q

what are the specific functions of the oral cavity

A

ingestion, sensory reception (taste), mechanical processing (tongue, teeth, cheeks), lubrication (mucosa + salivary glands), digestion, protection (tonsils)

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6
Q

important structures within the oral cavity

A

tongue
lips
hard + soft palate
uvula
geniohyoid mylohyoid
cheeks
glands

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7
Q

the oral mucosa is a ________________ epithelium that protects against abrasive actions resulting from mechanical processing and bulk transport

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

similarly to the skin, ____________ is extra protection on dorsum of tongue and hard palate

A

keratinized
- stratified simple squamous

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9
Q

what are the different types of glands (3)

A

1) parotid
2) submandibular
3) sublingual

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10
Q
  • produce serous secretion containing salivary enzyme to start carb digestion
A

parotid glands

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11
Q

secretes buffer, mucins, and lysozymes
lies along inner surface of manible
ducts empty on either side of tongue

A

submandibular glands

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12
Q

secretes buffer, mucins, and lysozymes
lies in flood of mouth (under tongue)
ducts empty on either side of tongue

A

sublingual

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13
Q

what are the functions of saliva

A

lubricate oral surfaces, moisten food, dissolve chemicals to stimulate taste buds, start digestion of carbs, pH buffering, lysozymes, neuronal control in meduall (CNV mastication), CN VII, IX, X (taste buds), CN I (smell), CN 2 (vision), parasympathetic stimulation increases output

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14
Q

primary teeth appear around ____ months of age

A

6 months

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15
Q

secondary teeth appear around ____ years of age

A

4

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16
Q

where are teeth embedded into

A

alveolar sockets of maxilarry and mandibular bones

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17
Q

what joint cartilage is holding teeth in place

A

periodontal ligament

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18
Q

normal adult teeth (32)

A

central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, 1st-2nd premolars, 1st-3rd molars [wisdom teeth]

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19
Q

what are the three parts to a tooth

A

crown
neck
root

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20
Q

what is the dentin

A

the inner bulk of the crown, neck, and root

21
Q

______ refers to the relationship formed by mandible, maxilla, and dentition

A

occlusion

22
Q

enamel continues over root surface as _____

A

cementum

23
Q

total root surface ensures stability in the _______ socket

A

alveolar

24
Q

T/F occlusions affect speech production

A

true

25
Q

normal occlusion

A

neutroclusion

26
Q

overbite

A

distoclusion

27
Q

underbite

A

mesoclusion

28
Q

swallowing requires _______ and _________ movements of both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

A

coordinated and reflexive

29
Q

https://quizlet.com/108277391/unit-4-intrinsic-and-extrinsic-muscles-of-the-tongue-and-anatomy-of-the-tongue-flash-cards/

A

intrinsic + extrinsic muscles of tongue

30
Q

tonsils are a circle of immune defense at the opening to the __________

A

pharyngeal tube

31
Q

(Adenoids) roof of nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsils

32
Q

(tonsils) lateral position between pillars on each side of oral cavity

A

palatine tonsils

33
Q

midline location

A

lingual tongue

34
Q

near opening of eustachian tube

A

tubal tonsils

35
Q

lymphatic system: robust immune defense
- what are the lymphatic rings

A

Waldeyer’s Ring

36
Q

paranasal sinuses resonating to affect phonation

A

hollow spaces in 4 of our facial/cranial bones
all lined with mucous (continuous with pharyngeal spaces)
drain into pharyngeal spaces via narrow ducts = become blocked with inflammation

37
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid

38
Q

what is the soft palate

A

boundary between oral & nasal cavity
prevents reflux of food/water into nasopharynx during swallowing
prevents reflux of air into nasal cavity during phonation

39
Q

what are the muscles of the soft palate

A

tensor veli palatini muscle
levator veli palatini muscle
palatopharyngeus muscle

40
Q

what is the pharynx shared with

A

respiratory and digestive systems

41
Q

what are the 4 constrictor muscles capable of peristaltic contraction [in the pharynx]

A

superior
middle
inferior
cricopharyngeus

42
Q

where is the pharynx suspended from

A

based of skull, mandible and hyoid bone
- pharynx lifts during swallowing to help close epiglottis

43
Q

what are the division of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

44
Q

what is the insertion of the muscles of the pharynx

A

median raphe

45
Q

what are the accessory muscles of the pharynx

A

1) stylopharyngeus
2) salpingopharyngeus

46
Q

what does the stylopharyngeus do

A

elevates pharynx

47
Q

what does the salpingopharyngeus do

A

opens eustachian tube during swallowing

48
Q

what is peristalisis

A

bolus pushed by sequential contraction of circular fibers
amount of travel assisted by shortening (cause contraction of long. fibers)
- NOT the same as segmentation that occurs in intestines

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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