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Anatomy and Physiology > Introduction to the Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the nervous system?

A

1) CNS
2) PNS
3) Autonomic (visceral) nervous system

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made of

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves

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4
Q

What are the functional parts of the nervous system

A

1) afferent system
2) efferent system

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5
Q

What is the afferent system

A

receptors (sensory,visceral, somatic)
peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

somatic nervous system with skeletal muscles as ________
autonomic (visceral) nervous system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- smooth/cardiac muscle/glands as _____

A

what is the efferent system

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7
Q

group of neurons with common function

A

nucleus/ganglion

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8
Q

front/back of a given system or pathway

A

rostral/caudal

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9
Q

how do nucleus and ganglion diff

A

nucleus is neurons in CNS and ganglion is a cluster of neurons in PNS

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10
Q

ipsilateral/contralateral

A

same side/opposite side, always in reference to a specific item of interest

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11
Q

bump, groove, deeper groove

A

gyrus/sulcus/fissure

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12
Q

afferent vs efferent

A

incoming and outgoing

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13
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - motor planning execution

A

frontal lobe

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14
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - auditory processing

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - sensory association / spatial planning

A

parietal lobe

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16
Q

CNS: cerebral hemispheres - occipital lobe

A

visual processing

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17
Q

CNS: 3 major parts of the brain

A

1) cerebral hemispheres
2) cerebellum
3) brainstem
- includes medulla, pons, midbrain

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18
Q

31 pairs of ____ nerves
ventral & dorsal roots
enlargements at C4 - T1 and L2-S3
properly ends at the L1 vertebrae
- CSF needle insertion

A

CNS: SPINAL CORD

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19
Q

contains grey matter and is surrounded by white matter

A

CNS: spinal nerves

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20
Q

Dermatomes

A

pattern of peripheral innervation

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21
Q

mapped areas of brain function using electrical stimulation in neuro surgery

A

Father of cytoarchitecture: Brodmann’s Area

22
Q

Brodmann’s Area 17

A

primary visual cortex

23
Q

Brodmann’s Area 41+44

A

primary auditory cortex

24
Q

Brodmann’s area 1/2/3

A

primary sensory cortex

25
Q

Homunculi

A

demonstrates 1) sequence of representation and 2) disproportion of representation

26
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

olfactory
- sensory

27
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

optic
- sensory

28
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor
- motor

29
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear
- motor

30
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

trigeminal
- both

31
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A
  • abucens
  • motor
32
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

facial
- both

33
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

auditory
- sensory

34
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal
- both

35
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus
- both

36
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

spinal accessory
- motor

37
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

hypoglossal
- motor

38
Q

Learn CN by expected location on ventral surface of the brain

A

relative to structures like pons + medulla

39
Q

neurons - inter and intra species communication

A

synapse

40
Q

how many classes of neurons are there

A

3
- pseudo unipolar
- bipolar
- multipolar

41
Q

neuronal synapses is the site of ___________-

A

communication

42
Q

what does the ionic basis for the action potential rely on

A

electrochemical gradients of Na+ and K+
(need voltaged gated Na+ channels and K
channels, ATPase - enzyme and bilayer membrane)

43
Q

Know what an action potential is and its features.

A
44
Q

what is the refractory period

A

where it cannot stimulate another neuron

45
Q

no impulse can be generated is _______ refractory period

A

absolute

46
Q

impulse can be generated but requires more effort is ________ refractory period

A

relative

47
Q

what do refractory states do?

A

create upper limit on frequency of firing rate
prevent message from going down wrong direction down axon

48
Q

what is the refractory period time

A

1 millisecond

49
Q

what are the supporting cells of the nervous system

A

glial cells

50
Q

what are some glial cell varieties

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia

51
Q

what are pericytes

A

they have a role as a blood brain barrier

52
Q

provide scaffolding that guides neuronal migration
forms scar tissue
insulates blood vessels & synapses
controls extracellular enviro

A

astrocytes

53
Q

scavengers (Phagocytes) of the nervous system

A

microglia

54
Q

olgios in _____ and schwann cells in _____

A

CNS, PNS

55
Q

what do oligodendrocytes/schwann cells do

A

form myelin sheaths on certain axons

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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