Untitled spreadsheet - Sheet5 Flashcards
1
Q
Question Number,Question,Year,Options
A
Question,Option,Note
2
Q
1,Most of the desert plants bloom during night time because,1995,”(a) their blooming is controlled by low temperature, (b) they are sensitive to the phases of moon, (c) the desert insects eat away flowers during day time, (d) the desert insects are active during night time”
A
1,d,”Plant and animal activity happens at night in deserts due to high temperature. The desert insect pollinates flowers in night.”
3
Q
2,Living organisms require at least 27 elements, of which 15 are metals. Among these, those required in major quantities, include,1996,”(a) potassium, manganese, molybdenum and calcium, (b) potassium, molybdenum, copper and calcium, (c) potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium, (d) sodium, magnesium, copper and manganese”
A
2,c,”Living organism require about 27 elements of which 15 are metals. K, Mg, Na and Ca are required in major quantities. Minor quantity of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Mo and trace amount of V, Cr, Sn, Ni and Al are required by some organisms. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are essential parts of the bones and teeth. Calcium is necessary for blood clotting. Sodium helps in muscle activity and transmission of nerve.”
4
Q
3,It is possible to produce seedless tomato fruits by,1996,”(a) applying trace elements in tomato fruits, (b) spraying mineral solution on plants, (c) spraying hormones on flowers, (d) applying fertilizers containing radioactive elements”
A
3,c,”Hormone auxin is responsible to produce seedless tomato fruits.”
5
Q
- Match List-I (Physiological processes) with List-II (Cell
organelles) and select the correct answer by using the codes
given below: [1996]
List- I List-II
A. Photosynthesis 1. Plasma membrane
B. Mineral uptake 2. Chloroplast
C. Respiration 3. Mitochondria
D. Protein synthesis 4. Ribosomes
(a) A – 1; B – 2; C – 3; D – 4
(b) A – 1; B – 2; C – 4; D – 3
(c) A – 2; B – 1; C – 3; D – 4
(d) A – 2; B – 1; C – 4; D – 2
A
4,c,”Photosynthesis occurs in green plants by the help of chloroplast. Plasma membrane helps in transport of minerals. Cellular respiration is related to mitochondria, by which energy releases. Ribosome helps in protein synthesis.”
6
Q
5,Which one of the following is a modified stem?,1996,”(a) Carrot, (b) Sweet potato, (c) Coconut, (d) Potato”
A
5,d,”Potato tuber bears buds in small pits known as eyes. Buds develops to branches. Some of the branches become green, erect and leafy stems that grow horizontally under ground.”
7
Q
6,Which one of the following type of microorganisms is most widely used in industries?,1998,”(a) Bacteria, (b) Bacteria and fungi, (c) Bacteria and algae, (d) Bacteria, microalgae and fungi”
A
6,d,”Bacteria, microalgae and fungi is most widely used in industries. Bacteria like Lactobacillus sp. is used in manufacturing of vinegar and alcohol by fermentation process. Most of algae are used as single cell protein (i.e. Spirulina). Different drugs like penicillin is manufactured from fungi Penicillium notatum.”
8
Q
- Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by
using the codes given below the lists [1998]
List-I List-II
A. Fruit 1. Ovule
B. Seed 2. Leaf
C. Wood 3. Stem
D. Starch 4. Ovary
(a) A-2; B-1; C-3; D- 4 (b) A-4; B-1; C-3; D-2
(c) A-2; B-3; C-1; D-4 (d) A-4; B-3; C-1; D-2
A
7,b,”After the pollination of ovary, fruit develops gradually from it. Stem of tree develops to wood. Seed develops from fertilized ovule. Leaf produces starch at the time of photosynthesis.”
9
Q
8,Which one of the following statements regarding starch and cellulose is not correct?,1998,”(a) Both of them are of plant origin, (b) Both of them are polymers, (c) Both of them give color with iodine, (d) Both of them are made up of glucose molecules”
A
8,c,”Starch and cellulose both are plant origin. Starch deposits in plant cells, whereas cellulose is most important constituent of plant cell wall. Both starch and cellulose are polymers. Starch is branched polymer of a – D – glucose unit linked by a – 1, 4 glycosidic bond. Cellulose is a linear polymer of b – D – glucose unit. Glucose molecules are present in both starch and cellulose. Amylose in starch is responsible for the formation of deep blue colour in the presence of iodine but cellulose does not give any colour at the treatment with iodine, because amylose is absent in cellulose.”
10
Q
9,Ergotism is due to consumption of,1998,”(a) contaminated grains, (b) rotting vegetables, (c) contaminated water, (d) safe cooked food”
A
9,a,”Ergotism is the effect of long term ergot poisoning, due to ingestion of alkaloids produced by fungus Claviceps purpurea which is found in infected cereals and ryes.”
11
Q
10,Which one of the following is a useful functional association between fungi and the roots of higher plants?,1999,”(a) Biofertilizer, (b) Coralloid root, (c) Lichen, (d) Mycorrhiza”
A
10,d,”Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. Mycorrhiza takes carbohydrate from the plants. In return, the fungus helps the plant by supplying water and the important minerals.”
12
Q
11,Which one of the following organisms can serve as a biofertilizer for rice crop?,2000,”(a) Blue-green algae, (b) Rhizobium sp., (c) Mycorrhizal fungi, (d) Azotobacter sp.”
A
11,a,”Blue green algae is used as a biofertilizer in rice crop. Blue green algae has the nitrogen fixing ability which enhances the production of rice.”
13
Q
12,Phytotron is a facility to,2000,”(a) grow plants under disease-free conditions, (b) conserve endangered species of plants, (c) grow plants under controlled conditions, (d) induce mutations”
A
12,c,”Phytotron is a type of chamber, designed to provide a controlled environment for the study of plant growth.”
14
Q
13,Soft drinks such as colas contain significant quantities of,2000,”(a) caffeine, (b) nicotine, (c) tannin, (d) renin”
A
13,a,”Cocoa contains caffeine, carbonated water, glucose-fructose, kola extract and caramel colour.”
15
Q
14,Canola refers to special type of oilseed mustard varieties bred for human consumption. The main characteristic of these varieties is that the,2000,”(a) seeds have very high oil content, (b) oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, (c) oil has long shelf-life, (d) oil has very low erucic acid content”
A
14,d,”Canola oil is the lowest in saturated fat, it is high in certain omega 3 fatty acid and mono saturated fats, which are found in nuts and are healthy for the heart.”
16
Q
15,Which organelle in the cell, other than nucleus contains DNA?,2001,”(a) Centriole, (b) Golgi apparatus, (c) Lysosome, (d) Mitochondrion”
A
15,d,”DNA is also found in mitochondria other than nucleus. The DNA is called mitochondrial DNA.”
17
Q
16,”“Athlete’s Foot” is a disease caused by”,2001,”(a) Bacteria, (b) Fungus, (c) Protozoan, (d) Nematode”
A
16,b,”Athlete’s Foot disease is caused by parasitic fungus of genus Trichophyton. Scaling, flaking and itching of affected areas are the symptoms of this disease. This disease transmitted in moist areas where people walk bare foot.”
18
Q
17,Epiphytes are plants which depend on other plants for,2001,”(a) food, (b) mechanical support, (c) shade, (d) water”
A
17,b,”An epiphyte is a plant normally grows on another plant for support. It is non parasitic, but uses the host plant for support. A plant such as tropical orchid or staghorn fern, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients.”
19
Q
18,In a bisexual flower, if androecium and gynoecium mature at different times, the phenomenon is known as,2002,”(a) dichogamy, (b) herkogamy, (c) heterogamy, (d) monogamy”
A
18,a,”In bisexual flower, the male and female flowers (androecium and gynoecium) mature at different times to avoid self-fertilization. It is called dichogamy.”
20
Q
- Consider the following plants [2002]
- Bougainvillea 2. Carnations
- Cocoa 4. Grapes
Which of these plants are propagated by stem cuttings?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and
A
19,c,”Bougainvillea, cocoa and grapes plants are propagated by stem cutting process.”
21
Q
20,”Consider the following statements: [2003] 1. The common blue-green algae, Spirogyra and Ulothrix, are found in both fresh water ponds and oceans. 2. The Chameleon can look ahead with one eye, and at the same time look behind with another. Which of these statements is/are correct?”,2003,”(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2”
A
20,b,”Spirogyra and Ulothrix are green algae not blue green algae. The chameleon can see in both the direction forward and backward at the same time.”
22
Q
21,”Assertion (A) : Unsaturated fats are more reactive compared with the saturated fats. Reason (R) : Unsaturated fats have only single bonds in their structure. [2003]”,2003,”(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true”
A
21,c,”Assertion is true because unsaturated fats are more reactive compared with saturated fats due to multiple bonds present between carbon atoms. The reason is false because unsaturated fats have at least double bond in their structure.”
23
Q
22,”Consider the following statements: [2003] 1. Molasses is a by-product of sugar production process. 2. Bagasse obtained in the sugar mills is used as a fuel in the boilers to generate steam for the sugar factories. 3. Sugar can only be produced from sugarcane as the raw material. Which of these statements are correct?”,2003,”(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3”
A
22,a,”Molasses is by-product of sugar production process and bagasse of sugar used as a fuel in boilers for sugar factories. But sugar produced from sugar cane and also from sugar beet.”
24
Q
23,”Assertion (A): Cellulose is used in making shatter-proof glass. [2006] Reason (R) : Polysaccharides are not soluble in water.”,”(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are individually true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation of’ A’ . (b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are individually true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation of’ A’ . (c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false. (d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.”,2006
A
23,a,”Cellulose is not soluble in water that is why it is used in making shatter-proof glass. Cellulose is a poly saccharide.”
25
24,"Which one of the following parts of the pitcher plant becomes modified into a pitcher? [2007]","(a) Stem (b) Leaf (c) Stipule (d) Petiole",2007
24,b,"In pitcher plant, the lamina of leaf is modified into pitcher and the leaf apex gives rise to a coloured lid for attracting the insects."
26
25,"Which of the following types of light are strongly absorbed by plants? [2007]","(a) Violet and orange (b) Blue and red (c) Indigo and yellow (d) Yellow and violet",2007
25,b,"Photosynthesis occurs between wavelengths of about 400 nm and 750 nm. Red and blue colour wavelength is categories in this wavelength. So, plants absorb these colours. Photosynthesis does not occur in the infra-red or in ultraviolet light."
27
26,"Consider the following [2008] 1. Rice fields 2. Coal mining 3. Domestic animals 4. Wetlands Which of the above are sources of methane, a major greenhouse gas?",2008,"(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4"
26,d,"Rice fields, coal mining, domestic animal and wet lands all are the sources of methane."
28
27,"Which one of the following is an insectivorous plant? [2008]","(a) Passion flower plant (b) Pitcher plant (c) Night queen (d) Flame of the forest",2008
27,b,"Pitcher plant is an insectivorous plant. It feeds on living creatures including insects and small mammals. These plant attracts the prey with a smell of rotting meat. The victim is dissolved by plant enzymes."
29
28,"Consider the following statements about probiotic food: [2008] 1. Probiotic food contains live bacteria which are considered beneficial to humans. 2. Probiotic food helps in maintaining gut flora. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?","(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2",2008
28,c,"Probiotics are the living microorganisms that are healthy for host organism. Lactic acid bacteria, Bifido bacteria are common type of microbes used as probiotics. Certain yeast and Bacilli may also useful. Probiotics are commonly consumed as a part of fermented food with specially added active live cultures such as yoghurt or as dietary supplements."
30
29,"Consider the following statements: [2009] 1. Sweet orange plant is propagated by grafting technique. 2. Jasmine plant is propagated by layering technique. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?","(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2",2009
29,c,"Grafting is a most common method of vegetative propagation. In this method, parts of two plants are joined in such a way that they grow as a one plant. Sweet orange plant is propagated by grafting technique. Layering is another type of vegetative propagation. In this method, roots are artificially induced on the stem branches before they are detached from the plant for propagation. Jasmine plant is propagated by this technique."
31
30,"In making the saffron spice, which one of the following parts of the plant is used? [2009]","(a) Leaf (b) Petal (c) Sepal (d) Stigma",2009
30,d,"Saffron is a spice obtained from the stigma of the flower of Crocus sativus Linnaeus."
32
31,"Given below are the names of four energy crops. Which one of them can be cultivated for ethanol ? [2010]","(a) Jatropha (b) Maize (c) Pongamia (d) Sunflower",2010
31,b,"Ethanol is produced in India from maize, sugarcane, starch, corn grain etc. Maize is easily available and maize is not costly for product as to economic concern."
33
32,"Some species of plants are insectivorous. Why? [2010]","(a) Their growth in shady and dark places does not allow them to undertake sufficient photosynthesis and thus they depend on insects for nutrition. (b) They are adapted to grow in nitrogen deficient soils and thus depend on insects for sufficient nitrogenous nutrition. (c) They cannot synthesize certain vitamins themselves and depend on the insects digested by them. (d) They have remained in that particular stage of evolution as living fossils, a link between autotrophs and heterotrophs.",2010
32,b,"Insectivorous plants prey insects because most of the insectivorous plants grow in those area where there is deficit of nitrogen in nutrients so they catch insect to fulfill its need of nutrients."
34
33,"Mon 863 is a variety of maize. It was in the news for the following reason. [2010]","(a) It is genetically modified dwarf variety which is resistant to drought (b) It is a genetically modified variety which is pest resistant (c) It is a genetically modified variety with ten times higher protein content than regular maize crop (d) It is a genetically modified variety used exclusively for bio-fuel production",2010
33,b,"Mon 863 is genetically modified variety of maize, which is resistant of corn root worm."
35
34,"Though coffee and tea both are cultivated on hill slopes, there is some difference between them regarding their cultivation. In this context, consider the following statements: [2010] 1. Coffee plant requires a hot and humid climate of tropical areas whereas tea can be cultivated in both tropical and subtropical areas. 2. Coffee is propagated by seeds but tea is propagated by stem cuttings only. Which of the statements given above is /are correct ?",2010,"(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
34,a,"Both tea and coffee is propagated by seeds and stem cutting, so the (2) option is wrong."
36
35,"With reference to soil conservation, consider the following practices : [2010] 1. Crop rotation 2. Sand fences 3. Terracing 4. Wind breaks Which of the above are considered appropriate methods for soil conservation in India.","(a) 1, 2, and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4",2010
35,d,"Crop rotation, Sand fences, terracing and wind breaks all are used for sand conservation in India. Sand fences is a simple and cheap method of inducing accretion of sands in arid and sandy areas."
37
36,"Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia pinnata also considered a good option for the production of biodiesel in India? [2010] 1. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the arid regions of India. 2. The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in lipid content of which nearly half is oleic acid. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?","(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both
36,c,"Pongamia Pinnata is adaptable to arid zones, and has a varied habitat distribution and able to grow in a variety of soils, it is native to humid and subtropical environment and grows naturally along coasts and river banks of India and Myanmar. It is nitrogen-fixing trees."
38
37,"When the bark of a tree is removed in a circular fashion all around near its base, it gradually dries up and dies because? [2011 - I]","2011","(a) Water from soil cannot rise to aerial parts. (b) Roots are starved of energy. (c) Tree is infected by soil microbes. (d) Roots do not receive oxygen for respiration."
37,b,"Phloem layer of tissue just below the bark is responsible for carrying food from leave to roots."
39
38,"Consider the following kinds of organisms : [2012 - I] 1. Bacteria 2. Fungi 3. Flowering plants Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as biopesticides?","2012","(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3"
38,d,"All of them are employed as Biopesticides."
40
39,"Consider the following organisms: [2013 - I] 1. Agaricus 2. Nostoc 3. Spirogyra Which of the above is/are used as biofertilizer / biofertilizers?","2013","(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only"
39,b,"Nostoc fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop."
41
40,"Fruits stored in a cold chamber exhibit longer storage life because [2013 - I]","2013","(a) exposure to sunlight is prevented (b) concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment is increased (c) rate of respiration is decreased (d) there is an increase in humidity"
40,c,"Fruits respire. They give out ethylene which helps in ripening. When fruits are kept in cold storage the rate of ethylene production can be controlled and shelf life of fruits can be increased."
42
41,"Many transplanted seedling do not grow because [2013 - I]","2013","(a) the new soil does not contain favourable minerals (b) most of the root hair grip the new soil too hard (c) most of the root hairs are lost during transplantation (d) leaves get damaged during transplantation"
41,c,"During a transplant the fine roots are destroyed due to the jostling during the uprooting process. These root hairs come under a shock. The plant which has been transplanted either takes time to readjust to the new soil or dries up and dies due to the root hair loss."
43
42,"Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss? [2013 - I] 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves or no leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves Select the correct answer using the codes given below.","2013","(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3"
42,d,"To inhibit water loss or to conserve water most of the desert species have waxy leaves that keep them water proof when stomata are closed. Water is further conserved by reducing surface area so most succulents have few leaves or no leaves. Some desert plants have thorns instead of leaves. Thorns do not let the water go out."
44
43,"Which one of the following is the process involved in photosynthesis? [2014 - I]","2014","(a) Potential energy is released to form free energy (b) Free energy is converted into potential energy and stored (c) Food is oxidized to release carbon dioxide and water (d) Oxygen is taken, and carbon dioxide and water vapour are given out"
43,b,"In photosynthesis the free energy is converted into potential energy and stored."
45
44,"Which one the following group of a plant domesticated in the new world and introduced into the old world? [2019 - I]","2019","(a) Tobacco, cocoas, and rubber (b) Tobacco, cotton and rubbers (c) Cotton, coffee and sugarcane (d) Rubber, coffee and wheat"
44,a,"Encyclopedia Britannica: In the 15th and 16th centuries, during the Columbian Exchange: numerous plants, animals, and microbes from old world (Europe, Asia, and Africa) were introduced to the new world (Americas) and vice versa. From the image given in the link, it’s evident that Cocoa and Tobacco were introduced from new world to old world so only A fits."
46
45,"Recently, there was a growing awareness in our country about the importance of Himalayan nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) because it is found to be a sustainable source of [2019 - I]","2019","(a) anti-malarial drug (b) biodiesel (c) pulp for paper industry (d) textile fibre"
45,d,"There is a community in Khar, a hamlet in Darchula district in far-western Nepal, which produces fabrics from Himalayan nettle. The fabric and the things made from it are sold in local as well as national and international markets as high-end products so D: textile is most suitable."
47
46,"Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant and animal cells ? [2020-I] 1. Plant cells have cellulose cell walls whilst animal cells do not. 2. Plant cells do not have plasma membrane unlike animal cells which do. 3. Mature plant cell has one large vacuole whilst an animal cell has many small vacuoles. Select the correct answer using the code given below :","2020","(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3"
46,c,"NCERT Class10 Science: page 61- Plant cells, in addition to the plasma membrane, have another rigid outer covering called the cell wall. So, statement#2 is incorrect, so by elimination answer is c."
48
47,"According to India’s National Policy on Biofuels, which of the following can be used as raw materials for the production of biofuels? [2020-I] 1. Cassava 2. Damaged wheat grains 3. Groundnut seeds 4. Horse gram 5. Rotten potatoes 6. Sugar beet Select the correct answer using the code given below:","2020","(a) 1,2,5 and 6 only (b) 1,3,4 and 6 only (c) 2,3,4 and 5 only (d) 1,2,3,4,5 and 6"
47,a,"National Policy on Biofuels 2018 identified following raw materials for biofuel generation: Molasses, Sugarcane juice, biomass in form of grasses, agriculture residues (Rice straw, cotton stalk, corn cobs, saw dust, bagasse etc.), sugar containing materials like sugar beet, sweet sorghum, etc., starch containing materials such as corn, cassava, rotten potatoes etc., Damaged food grains like wheat, broken rice etc. In the entire policy document there is no mention of horse gram or groundnut so, #3 and #4 are wrong. By elimination we arrived at answer a."
49
48,"The only snake that builds a nest is: [1995]","1995","(a) Chain viper (b) King Cobra (c) Krait (d) Saw-scaled viper"
48,b,"King cobra is the only snake that not only lives in holes but also builds a nest."
50
49,"Which one of the following sets is correctly matched? [1995]
(1) Diphtheria, Pneumonia and Leprosy: Hereditary
(2) AIDS, Syphilis and Gonorrhoea: Bacterial
(3) Colour blindness, Haemophilia and Sickle cell anaemia: Sex linked
(4) Polio, Japanese B encephalitis and Plague: Viral","1995","(a) only 2 (b) only 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) None of these"
49,d,"Diphtheria, Leprosy, Plague are Bacterial diseases.
AIDS, Polio, Pneumonia, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis- Viral disease.
Japanese B encephalitis – Protozoan disease.
Colour blindness and Haemophilia – Sex linked disease.
Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disease in which RBC became sickle shaped."
51
50,"A person with ‘AB’ blood group is sometimes called a universal recipient because of the [1995]","1995","(a) lack of antigen in his blood (b) lack of antibodies in his blood (c) lack of both antigens and antibodies in his blood (d) presence of antibodies in his blood"
50,b,"Person having blood group 'AB' is called universal recipient because the 'AB' blood group has no antibody in the blood plasma. So, the person can accept any type of blood group (i.e. A, B and O)"
52
51,"Which one of the following is a membrane that protects the developing embryo from desiccation? [1995]","1995","(a) Amnion (b) Allantois (c) Chorion (d) Yolk sac"
51,a,"The amnion is a membrane that protects the developing embryo by a fluid-filled space called amniotic cavity. Amnion is formed above the embryo."
53
52,"Which one of the following antimicrobial drugs, is suitable for treatment of both tuberculosis and leprosy? [1995]","1995","(a) Isoniazid (b) P-aminosalicylic acid (c) Streptomycin (d) Rifampicin"
52,d,"Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The effective drug for Mycobacterium species is Rifampicin."
54
53,"The normal temperature of human on Kelvin scale is [1995]","1995","(a) 280 (b) 290 (c) 300 (d) 310"
53,d,"Normal body temperature of human is 37° C. But when we convert 37° C into Kelvin it becomes 310 K because 0° C = 0°C + 273 = 273 K 37° C = 37° + 273 = 310 K"
55
54,"Which of the following elements are present in all proteins? [1995] 1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen 4. Nitrogen Codes :","1995","(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4"
54,d,"Protein is a complex organic compound of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. It is a long chain molecule composed of amino acids ( R – CH ( NH2 ) COOH) joined by peptide bonds."
56
55,"Which one of the following hormones contains iodine? [1995]","1995","(a) Thyroxine (b) Testosterone (c) Insulin (d) Adrenaline"
55,a,"Thyroxine hormone and tri-iodothyronine hormone are secreted by thyroid follicular cells of thyroid gland. The major component of thyroxine hormone is iodine. Deficiency of iodine causes goitre in human."
57
56,"By Weaving threads of physics, chemistry and biology into a rich tapestry, this remarkable scientist provided a unifying molecular view of the world. He touted the wonderful properties of Vitamin C, first as a cure of common cold and later as preventing agent against cancer.” One of science’s major figures of all time referred to above is [1995]","1995","(a) G . N . Lewis (b) Linus Carl Pauling (c) Fritz London (d) Walter Heitle"
56,b,"Linus Carl Pauling is much known for his controversial thesis proposing that high dose of vitamin- C would help not only in prevention of common cold but also in prevention of cancer. Linus Carl Pauling is the only person to have received two unshared Nobel prizes in 1954 for chemistry and in 1962 for peace."
58
57,"“It begins as a single cell and grows into a merciless disease that claims millions of lives year after year. But scientists are steadily unlocking its mysteries and the fight against it, may now have reached a dramatic turning point. New discoveries promise better therapies and hope in the war against....". The disease referred to in the above quotation is [1995]","1995","(a) Cancer (b) AIDS (c) Tuberculosis (d) Alzheimer’s disease"
57,a,"Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth and later results in a tumor when a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body and starts invading and destroying other healthy tissues. Cancers are classified as carcinomas, sarcomas and melanoma according to the tissues."
59
58,"Of the four landmarks in medical history given below, which one was the first to take place ? [1996]","1996","(a) Organ transplant (b) Bypass surgery (c) Test tube baby (d) Plastic surgery"
58,d,"Organ transplant – 1954 Bypass surgery – 1960 Test tube baby – 1978 Plastic surgery – 1827"
60
59,"According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the disease which causes the death of the largest number of people today is [1996]","1996","(a) AIDS (b) Tuberculosis (c) Malaria (d) Ebola"
59,b,"Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection is caused by drinking infected milk, breathing in infected dust, droplet infection through having germs coughed in the face."
61
60,"The nutritional deficiency condition that needs to be given top priority for remedial action in India today is [1996]","1996","(a) Scurvy (b) Rickets (c) Xerophthalmia (d) Pellagra"
60,c,"Xerophthalmia is caused by vitamin A. Generally, this disease is found in poorer sections of society. The symptoms include night blindness and eye irritation."
62
61,"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below: [1996] List- I List-II
A. Vitamin 1. Pepsin'
B. Enzyme 2. Carotene
C. Hormone 3. Keratin
D. Protein 4. Progesterone Codes:","1996","(a) A – 1; B – 2; C – 3; D – 4 (b) A – 2; B – 1; C – 4; D – 3 (c) A – 2; B – 1; C – 3; D – 4 (d) A – 1; B – 2; C – 4; D – 3"
61,b,"Vitamin A group includes retinol. Their parent carotene is a vitamin substance as b- carotene. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach, which digest protein. Progesterone is a hormone, produced in human ovary. Keratin is a protein. The main component of hair and nail is keratin."
63
62,"Which of the following are associated with Diabetes mellitus, a common disease in adults ? [1996] 1. Higher sugar level in blood 2. Lower sugar level in blood 3. Lower insulin level in blood 4. Higher insulin level in blood Select the correct answer by using the codes given below: Codes:","1996","(a) 2 and 4 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3"
62,d,"Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency of insulin hormone. The hormone insulin maintains the blood sugar in the body. Deficiency of insulin in the human body causes an increase in the sugar level in blood, which leads to Diabetes mellitus."
64
63,"Consider the following statements. [1996] AIDS -is transmitted 1. By sexual intercourse 2. By blood transfusion 3. By mosquitoes and other blood sucking insects 4. Across the placenta (a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (b) 1, 2 and 4 are correct (c) 1, 3 and 4 are correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct","1996","(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (b) 1, 2 and 4 are correct (c) 1, 3 and 4 are correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct"
63,b,"AIDS is a viral disease. The virus is called HIV. This disease transmitted by sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and from pregnant mother to baby through placenta."
65
64,"Which of the following would lead to malnutrition? [1996] 1. Overnutrition 2. Undernutrition 3. Imbalanced nutrition Select the correct answer by using the codes given below Codes:","1996","(a) 2 alone (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3"
64,d,"Malnutrition is defined as the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. So undernutrition, overnutrition and imbalanced nutrition lead to malnutrition."
66
65,"People drinking water from a shallow hand pump, are likely to suffer from all of the following diseases except [1996] (a) Cholera (b) Typhoid (c) Jaundice (d) Fluorosis","1996","(a) Cholera (b) Typhoid (c) Jaundice (d) Fluorosis"
65,d,"Cholera, Typhoid and Jaundice are waterborne diseases. In shallow hand pumps there is a possibility of microbial contamination (bacteria) to water. But fluorosis occurs due to the excess amount of fluorine found in water."
67
66,"Besides proteins and carbohydrates, other elements of nutritional value found in milk, include [1996] (a) calcium, potassium and iron (b) calcium and potassium (c) potassium and iron (d) calcium and iron","1996","(a) calcium, potassium and iron (b) calcium and potassium (c) potassium and iron (d) calcium and iron"
66,b,"Besides proteins and carbohydrates, approximately 67% of calcium, 35% of magnesium and 44% of the phosphorus found in milk."
68
67,"Fat present below the skin surface in our body, acts as a barrier against [1996] (a) Loss of heat from the body (b) Loss of essential body fluids (c) Loss of salts from the body (d) Entry of harmful micro-organisms from the environment","1996","(a) Loss of heat from the body (b) Loss of essential body fluids (c) Loss of salts from the body (d) Entry of harmful micro-organisms from the environment"
67,a,"Fat present below the skin surface in our body acts as an insulator against the loss of heat from the body. The deposited fat works as a barrier, which prevents the loss of heat."
69
68,"The major chemical compound found in kidney stones is : [1996] (a) urea (b) calcium carbonate (c) calcium oxalate (d) calcium sulphate","1996","(a) urea (b) calcium carbonate (c) calcium oxalate (d) calcium sulphate"
68,c,"The composition of kidney stone is Calcium oxalate – 80% Uric acid – 5% Amino acid cystine – 2 % Magnesium and – 13% ammonium phosphate"
70
69,"The pituitary gland by virtue of its tropic hormones controls the secretaoy activity of other endocrine glands. Which one of the following endocrine gland can function independent of the pituitary gland? [1997]","1997","(a) Thyroid (b) Gonads (c) Adrenals (d) Parathyroid"
69,d,"Parathyroid gland is not controlled by the pituitary. The parathormone which is secreted from this gland regulates calcium and phosphorus ion in the body."
71
70,"Oxygen transportation in a human body takes place through [1997] 1. Blood 2. Lungs 3. Tissue The correct sequence of transportation is","1997","(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 3, 1, 2 (c) 2, 1, 3 (d) 1, 3, 2"
70,c,"In the human body, oxygen first comes through lungs. From lungs to different tissue via blood."
72
71,"Corpus luteum is a mass of cells found in [1997]","1997","(a) Brain (b) Ovary (c) Pancreas (d) Spleen"
71,b,"Corpus luteum is a mass of cells found in the ovary. It produces progesterone hormone. If the ovary is not fertilized, the corpus-luteum degenerates after about two weeks and is gradually replaced by ordinary ovary tissue."
73
72,"Alpha-keratin is a protein, present in [1997]","1997","(a) Blood (b) Skin (c) Lymph (d) Eggs"
72,b,"Alpha keratin is a protein, found in skin, hair, nail, claws and hooves of animals."
74
73,"What is the average fat content of buffalo milk? [1997]","1997","(a) 7.2% (b) 4.5% (c) 9.0% (d) 10.0%"
73,a,"Average fat content in buffalo milk is 7.2% and average fat content in cow milk is 4.4%. As per the nutrient components, buffalo milk contains all the nutrients in higher proportion than cow’s milk."
75
74,"The major component of honey is [1997]","1997","(a) glucose (b) sucrose (c) maltose (d) fructose"
74,d,"The major component of honey is fructose. Composition of honey in (percentage) Fructose – 38.2 Sucrose – 1.5 Glucose – 31 Minerals – 0.5 Water – 17.1 Maltose – 7.2 Carbohydrate – 4.2"
76
75,"Arteries supplying blood to the heart are called [1997]","1997","(a) Carotid arteries (b) Hepatic arteries (c) Coronary arteries (d) Pulmonary arteries"
75,c,"Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart. Carotid arteries supply the blood to the head region. Hepatic arteries supply to the liver and pulmonary arteries supplies blood to the lungs."
77
76,"Daily intake of proteins, recommended for a moderately active woman is [1997]","1997","(a) 30 g (b) 37 g (c) 40 g (d) 46 g"
76,d,"Daily intake of protein for an active woman is 46 grams. But for pregnant women, the protein requirement increases to 47 – 60 grams per day."
78
77,"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below: [1997] List- I List-II
A. Malaria 1. Bone marrow
B. Filaria 2. Brain
C. Encephalitis 3. Muscle
D. Leukaemia 4. Lymph node 5. Blood cells","1997","(a) A – 5; B – 3; C – 2; D – 1 (b) A – 5; B – 4; C – 2; D – 1 (c) A – 4; B – 3; C – 5; D – 1 (d) A – 5; B – 4; C – 1; D – 2"
77,b,"Malaria is the parasitic disease spreads through the sucking of blood through mosquitoes. The malaria parasite invades blood cells. The virus of encephalitis most active in brains. Filaria parasite found in blood lymph and leukaemia is cancer mainly the abnormal cell growth in bone narrow."
79
78,"Antigen is a substance which [1997]","1997","(a) lowers body temperatures (b) destroys harmful bacteria (c) triggers the immune system (d) is used as an antidote to poison"
78,c,"Antigen is a foreign molecule that invade the body of an organism. Antigen also induce immune response to stimulate lymphocyte to produce antibody. The majority of them are proteins and polysaccharides found on the wall of bacteria and on the cell coats of virus."
80
79,"The sequencing of the entire genome (the totality of all genes) of an organism was completed in 1996. The organism was: [1997]","1997","(a) albino mouse (b) yeast (c) human being (d) plasmodium vivax"
79,b,"The sequencing of the entire genome of yeast was completed in 1996."
81
80,"Examine the following three statements: [1998] 1. Processed meat is a perishable food 2. All perishable foods are packed in sealed tins 3. Sealed tins sometimes do not contain processed meat Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?
(a) Sealed tins always contain perishable food
(b) Processed meat is sometimes not packed in sealed tins
(c) Processed meat is always packed in sealed tins
(d) Non-perishable foods are never packed in sealed tins","1998","
80,c,"We can draw the inference that processed meat is always packed in sealed tins."
82
81,"Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: [1998] List-I List-II
A. Theory of mutation 1. Beadle and Tatum
B. Theory of evolution 2. Jacob and Monad
C. One gene one enzyme hypothesis 3. Darwin
D. Operon concept 4. de Vries","1998","(a) A – 3; B – 4; C – 1; D – 2 (b) A – 4; B – 3; C – 1; D – 2 (c) A – 4; B – 3; C – 2; D – 1 (d) A – 3; B – 4; C – 2; D – 1"
81,b,"Theory of mutation is postulated by de Vries. Theory of evolution is by Charl’s Darwin. Operon concept is given by Jacob and Monad. One gene and one enzyme hypothesis is proposed by Beadle and Tautum."
83
82,"A tree species in Mauritius failed to reproduce because of the extinction of a fruit-eating bird. Which one of the following was that bird? [1998]","1998","(a) Dove (b) Dodo (c) Condor (d) Skua"
82,b,"Dodo birds species existed only on the island of Mauritius. Due to its short wings and bulky body the Dodo birds could not fly or flee in the face of danger. So human used to kill them for food. Later the species became extinct from Mauritius. This bird species was helpful in pollinating and propagating seed of trees."
84
83,"The complete conversion of glucose, in the presence of oxygen, into carbon dioxide and water with release of energy is called [1998]","1998","(a) aerobic respiration (b) anaerobic respiration (c) glycolysis (d) hydrolysis"
83,a,"The complete conversion of glucose in presence of oxygen, into carbon dioxide, water and release energy is called aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen."
85
84,"Consumption of fish is considered to be healthy when compared to flesh of other animals because fish contains [1998] (a) polyunsaturated fatty acids (b) saturated fatty acids (c) essential vitamins (d) more carbohydrates and proteins","1998","(a) polyunsaturated fatty acids (b) saturated fatty acids (c) essential vitamins (d) more carbohydrates and proteins"
84,a,"Polyunsaturated fatty acid is an antioxidant, which helps in building of tissues."
86
85,"Match List-I with List-II and select the answer using the codes given below: [1998] List-I List-II (Disease) (Organism)
A. Malaria 1. Fungi
B. Poliomyelitis 2. Bacteria
C. Tuberculosis 3. Virus
D. Ringworm 4. Protozoan","1998","(a) A-4; B-3; C-2; D-1 (b) A-4; B-3; C-1; D-2 (c) A-3; B-4; C-1; D-2 (d) A-3; B-4; C-2; D-1"
85,a,"Malaria parasite is a protozoan. Tuberculosis is a bacteria. Ringworm is a fungus and Poliomyelitis is a virus."
87
86,"Haemophilia is a genetic disorder which leads to [1998]","1998","(a) decrease in haemoglobin level (b) rheumatic heart disease (c) decrease in WBC (d) non-clotting of blood"
86,d,"Haemophilia is a sex–linked recessive disorder. Clotting of blood is abnormally delayed that even a simple or small cut will result in non-stop bleeding in affected individuals."
88
87,"Endoscopy, a technique used to explore the stomach or other inner parts of the body is based on the phenomenon of [1999]","1999","(a) total internal reflection (b) interference (c) diffraction (d) polarization"
87,a,"Endoscopy refers to looking inside the body through an endoscope. Endoscope is an instrument used to examine the interior of hollow organs of the body through borescope technique."
89
88,"When ants bite, they inject [1999]","1999","(a) glacial acetic acid (b) methanol (c) formic acid (d) stearic acid"
88,c,"When ants bite, they inject formic acid into the muscle tissue. This formic acid is found in the mandible of ants."
90
89,"In eye donation, which one of the following parts of donor’s eye is utilized? [1999]","1999","(a) Iris (b) Lens (c) Cornea (d) Retina"
89,c,"Blindness is generally caused by the dryness and hardness of the cornea. The cornea is a clear layer that helps the passage of light. It is an outer layer and can be transferred from one person to another."
91
90,"Match the hormones in List-I with items in List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [1999] List- I List-II
A. Adrenaline 1. Anger, fear, danger\
B. Estrogen 2. Attracting partners through sense of smell
C. Insulin 3. Females
D. Pheromones 4. Glucose","1999","(a) A – 3; B – 1; C – 4; D – 2 (b) A – 1; B – 3; C – 2; D – 4 (c) A – 1; B – 3; C – 4; D – 2 (d) A – 3; B – 1; C – 2; D – 4"
90,c,"Adrenaline is the hormone that prepares the body to deal with anger, fear, and danger. Estrogen hormone releases from the ovary of females. Insulin controls the level of glucagon in the blood. Pheromones attract partners through the sense of smell."
92
91. Match List-I (Drugs/Chemicals) with List -II (Their uses) and select the correct answer using the codes given below [1999],
92. "A. Atropine, B. Ether, C. Nitroglycerine, D. Pyrethrin",
93. "1. Local anaesthesia, 2. Heart trouble, 3. Dilation of pupil, 4. Mosquito control","(a) A – 1; B – 3; C – 2; D – 4","(b) A – 1; B – 3; C – 4; D – 2","(c) A – 3; B – 1; C – 4; D – 2","(d) A – 3; B – 1; C – 2; D – 4"
91,d,"Ether is used as anesthesia during surgery to prevent pain. Atropine is used as eye drops to dilate the pupil before eye examination. Nitroglycerine is widely used in the treatment of heart conditions. Pyrethrin is a biodegradable, non-persistent pesticide used to kill mosquitoes, fleas, and other insects."
93
92. Which one of the following genetic diseases is sex-linked? [1999],"(a) Royal haemophilia, (b) Tay-Sachs disease, (c) Cystic fibrosis, (d) Hypertension",
92,a,"Royal hemophilia is a sex-linked disease. Clotting of blood is abnormally delayed, and even a small cut will result in non-stop bleeding in the affected individual. Queen Victoria was a carrier of this disease and produced hemophilic descendants."
94
93. Lathyrism is caused by excessive consumption of [1999],"(a) khesari dal, (b) mustard oil, (c) polished rice, (d) mushrooms",
93,a,"Lathyrism is caused by excessive consumption of khesari dal. Lathyrism gets its name from the scientific name of khesari dal, which is Lathyrus sativus. The symptom of the disease is paralysis of both lower limbs."
95
94. Assertion (A) : In human being, the females play a major role in determining the sex of the offspring.,Reason (R) : Women have two ‘X’ chromosomes. [2000],"(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A","(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A","(c) A is true but R is false","(d) A is false but R is true",
94,d,"Assertion is false. In humans, sex determination of offspring depends on the male because male sperm contains XY chromosomes, whereas females have XX chromosomes in their ovum."
96
95. At which stage in its life cycle, does the silk worm yield the fibre of commerce? [2000],"(a) Egg, (b) Larva, (c) Pupa, (d) Imago",
95,c,"Silkworms yield the fiber from the pupa stage, which is commercially used to produce clothes."
97
96. Match List-I (Disease) with List-II (Types of disease) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [2000],"A. Haemophilia, B. Diabetes, C. Rickets, D. Ringworm","1. Deficiency disease, 2. Genetic disease, 3. Hormonal disorder, 4. Fungal infection","(a) A – 2; B – 3; C – 4; D – 1","(b) A – 2; B – 3; C – 1; D – 4","(c) A – 3; B – 2; C – 1; D – 4","(d) A – 3; B – 2; C – 4; D – 1",
96,b,"Haemophilia – Genetic disease caused by a sex-linked gene. Diabetes – Hormonal disorder disease caused by an imbalance of insulin hormone. Rickets – Nutritional deficiency disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. Ringworm – Caused by fungus."
98
97. The blood glucose level is commonly expressed as [2000],"(a) mm. of Hg, (b) milligram per decilitre, (c) parts per million, (d) gram per litre",
97,b,"The glucose level in blood is commonly expressed as milligrams per deciliter."
99
98. Match List-I (Endocrine glands) with List-II (Hormones secreted) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [2000],"A. Gonads, B. Pituitary, C. Pancreas, D. Adrenal","1. Insulin, 2. Progesterone, 3. Growth hormones, 4. Cortisone","(a) A – 3; B – 2; C – 4; D – 1","(b) A – 2; B – 3; C – 4; D – 1","(c) A – 2; B – 3; C – 1; D – 4","(d) A – 3; B – 2; C – 1; D – 4",
98,c,"Progesterone is secreted from gonads. Growth hormone is secreted from the pituitary gland. Insulin hormone is secreted from the pancreas. Cortisone is secreted from the adrenal gland."
100
99. The sensation of fatigue in the muscles after prolonged strenuous physical work is caused by [2000],"(a) a decrease in the supply of oxygen","(b) minor wear and tear of muscle fibres","(c) the depletion of glucose","(d) the accumulation of lactic acid",
99,d,"Fatigue is caused by excess anaerobic metabolism, which results in the production of excess lactic acid. This accumulated lactic acid causes muscle pain."
101
100. A small pouch containing silica gel is often found in bottles of medicine in tablet or powder form because silica gel [2000],"(a) kills bacteria","(b) kills germs and spores","(c) absorbs moisture","(d) absorbs all gases present inside the bottle",
100,c,"Silica gel granules are a network of inter-connecting microscopic pores, which attract and hold moisture by the phenomenon known as absorption."
102
101. In the eye donation, which part of the eye is transplanted from the donor? [2001],"(a) Cornea, (b) Lens, (c) Retina, (d) The whole eye",
101,a,"During eye donation, only the cornea is transplanted from the donor to the receiver. It is the transparent front part of the eye and contains no blood supply."
103
102. A man whose blood group is not known meets with a serious accident and needs blood transfusion immediately. Which one of the blood groups mentioned below and readily available in the hospital will be safe for transfusion? [2001],"(a) O, Rh–","(b) O, Rh+","(c) AB, Rh–","(d) AB, Rh+",
102,a,"There is no A and B antigen on RBC of O- blood group, so O-, Rh- is known as the universal blood donor."
104
103. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [2001],"(Achievement in genetics), (Scientists)",
104. "A. Discovery of transduction and conjugation in bacteria,
105. B. Establishing the sex-linked inheritance
106. , C. Isolation of DNA polymerase from E. coli,
107. D. Establishing the complete genetic code","
108. 1. Khurana, 2. Kornberg, 3. Lederberg, 4. Morgan, 5. Ochoa","(a) A – 4; B – 3; C – 2; D – 1","(b) A – 3; B – 4; C – 1; D – 5","(c) A – 4; B – 3; C – 1; D – 5","(d) A – 3; B – 4; C – 2; D – 1",
103,d,"Achievement Scientist:
A. Discovery of transduction – 3. Lederberg and conjugation in bacteria.
B. Establishing the sex-linked – 4. Morgan inheritance
. C. Isolation of DNA Polymerase – 2. Kornberg from E. coli.
D. Establishing the complete – 1. Khurana genetic code."
105
104. Which of the following features of DNA makes it uniquely suited to store and transmit genetic information from generation to generation? [2001],"(a) Complementary of the two strands","(b) Double helix","(c) Number of base-pairs per turn","(d) Sugar-phosphate backbone",
104,a,"The double helix structure of DNA contains 2 complementary strands which transmit genetic information from generation to generation."
106
105. 'Metastasis' is the process by which [2001],"(a) cells divide rapidly under the influence of drugs","(b) cancer cells spread through the blood or lymphatic system to other sites or organs","(c) the chromosomes in cells nuclei are attached to the spindle before moving to the anaphase poles","(d) cancer cells are successfully inhibited to divide any further"
105,b,"Metastasis is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body (e.g., brain, liver). Cancer cells can break away from a primary tumor, penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and grow into normal tissues in the body."
107
106. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists [2001],"(Substance) (Physiological role)","
107. A. Ptyalin 1. Converts angiotensinogen in blood into angiotensin,
108. B. Pepsin 2. Digests starch,
109. C. Renin 3. Digests proteins,
110. D. Oxytocin 4. Hydrolyses fats, 5. Induces contraction of smooth muscles","(a) A – 2; B – 3; C – 1; D – 5, (b) A – 3; B – 4; C – 2; D – 5, (c) A – 2; B – 3; C – 5; D – 1, (d) A – 3; B – 1; C – 2; D – 4"
106,a,"Ptyalin – Present in saliva, catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into maltose and dextrin. Pepsin – Enzyme released in the stomach that degrades food proteins into peptides. Renin – Enzyme present in the kidney that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin, balancing sodium and potassium levels in the blood. Oxytocin – Induces contraction of smooth muscles."
108
107. Antigen is a substance which [2001],"(a) destroys harmful bacteria, (b) is used to treat poisoning, (c) lowers body temperature, (d) stimulates formation of antibody",
107,d,"Antigen is a foreign molecule that invades the body of an organism and induces an immune response to stimulate antibody generation/production."
109
108. Which organelle in the cell, other than nucleus, contains DNA? [2001],"(a) Centriole, (b) Golgi apparatus, (c) Lysosome, (d) Mitochondrion",
108,d,"Organelles like chloroplasts in plants and mitochondria in both plant and animal cells contain DNA in addition to the nucleus."
110
109. Which of the following cell organelles play the most significant role in protein synthesis? [2001],"(a) Lysosome and Centrosome, (b) Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosome, (c) Golgi apparatus and Mitochondria, (d) Lysosome and Mitochondria",
109,b,"Ribosome and Endoplasmic reticulum are the main sites for protein synthesis. Ribosomes serve as a staging area where some RNA helps in protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum is an irregular, double membrane network scattered in the cytoplasm, also helping in protein synthesis."
111
110. The cellular and molecular control of programmed cell death is known as [2001],"(a) apoptosis, (b) ageing, (c) degeneration, (d) necrosis",
110,a,"Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis occurs during normal cell turnover, development, and in the immune system. Aging is the accumulation of changes. Degeneration is the deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its function is diminished or its structure impaired. Necrosis is cellular death without any programming."
112
111. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below [2001],"List-I (Bone) List-II (Name)",
112. "A. Breast-bone 1. Clavicle,
113. B. Collar-bone 2. Patella,
114. C. Knee-cap 3. Scapula,
115. D. Shoulder blade 4. Sternum","(a) A – 4; B – 1; C – 3; D – 2, (b) A – 1; B – 4; C – 3; D – 2, (c) A – 1; B – 4; C – 2; D – 3, (d) A – 4; B – 1; C – 2; D – 3"
111,d,"Breast bone – Sternum
Collar bone – Clavicle
Knee Cap – Patella
Shoulder Blade – It connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle. It is known as scapula."
113
112. Consider the following statements [2001],"
113. 1. Tapeworm is a hermaphrodite
114. ., 2. Round-worm has separate sexes.
115. , 3. Filaria is caused by a nematode.,
116. 4. Guinea-worm is an annelid.","(a) 1 and 2, (b) 1, 2 and 3, (c) 3 and 4, (d) 2, 3 and 4"
112,b,"* Tape worms are hermaphrodite (both male and female reproductive organs present). * Round worms are unisexual (separate sexes). * Filaria is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is a parasitic nematode. * Guinea worm is a long and very thin nematode, not an annelid."
114
113. In the context of organic evolution, the loss of limbs in snakes is explained by the phenomenon of [2002],"(a) use and disuse of organs, (b) adaptation to living in burrows, (c) natural selection, (d) inheritance of acquired characters",
113,a,"In organic evolution, Lamarck believed that any particular part of the body that is put into more frequent use tends to develop stronger and better, while that part of the body which is put into less or no use tends to gradually disappear. So, the loss of limbs in snakes is an example of the use and disuse of organs."
115
114. When one gene controls two or more different characters simultaneously, the phenomenon is called [2002],"(a) apomixis, (b) pleiotropy, (c) polyploidy, (d) polyteny",
114,b,"• Polyploidy occurs in cells and organisms when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes, which control more than one character simultaneously. • Apomixis is the process of asexual reproduction in which the embryo grows from egg cells without being fertilized. • Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. • Polytene is a giant chromosome found in some two-winged flies."
116
115. With reference to the human body, consider the following statements: [2002],"1. The production of somatotropin goes up when a person exercises., 2. Men’s testes produce progesterone., 3. Women’s adrenal glands secrete testosterone., 4. Stress causes the adrenals to release very less amount of cortisol than usual.","(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4, (b) 1, 2 and 3, (c) 2, 3 and 4, (d) 1 and 4"
115,d,"• Testes of men produce the hormone testosterone, and progesterone hormone is secreted by the ovary of women. • The adrenal gland releases the hormone cortisol."
117
116. Foot and Mouth disease in animals, a current epidemic in some parts of the world, is caused by [2002],"(a) bacterium, (b) fungus, (c) protozoan, (d) virus",
116,d,"Foot and mouth disease in animals (hoof and mouth disease) is a viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. The viruses belong to the family Picornaviridae."
118
117. Match List-I (Indian wild life species) with List-II (Scientific names) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [2002],"List-I (Indian wild life species) List-II (Scientific names)","
118. A. Asiatic wild ass 1. Boselaphus tragocamelus,
119. B. Barasingha 2. Cervus duvauceli,
C. Chinkara 3. Equus hemionus,
D. Nilgai 4. Gazella gazella","(a) A – 2; B – 3; C – 1; D – 4, (b) A – 3; B – 2; C – 4; D – 1, (c) A – 2; B – 3; C – 4; D – 1, (d) A – 3; B – 2; C – 1; D – 4"
117,b,"Asiatic wild ass – Equus hemionus
\Barasingha – Cervus duvauceli \
Chinkara – Gazella gazella
Nilgai – Boselaphus tragocamelus"
119
118. Which one of the following is monogamous? [2002],"(a) Wolf, (b) Walrus, (c) Seal, (d) Deer",
118,a,"Wolf is monogamous. Monogamous organisms have only one spouse and mate at any one time."
120
119. Which one of the following statements is not correct? [2002],"(a) All echinoderms are viviparous., (b) Roundworm has no circulatory system., (c) In bony fishes, swim bladder is usually present., (d) In cartilaginous fishes, fertilization is internal.",
119,a,"The sexes are separate in all echinoderm species, except a few. There is no sexual dimorphism. Fertilization is external, and a few forms are viviparous."
121
120. Match List-I (Scientists) with List-II (Achievements) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [2002],"List-I (Scientists) List-II (Achievements)","A. Arber and Smith 1. Developed transgenic plants with Agrobacterium T-DNA, B. Feldman 2. Discovered endonucleases, C. Mullis 3. Discovered reverse transcriptase, D. Temin and Baltimore 4. Discovered polymerase chain reaction","(a) A – 2; B – 1; C – 4; D – 3, (b) A – 1; B – 2; C – 4; D – 3, (c) A – 2; B – 1; C – 3; D – 4, (d) A – 1; B – 2; C – 3; D – 4"
120,a,"Scientist Achievements
A. Arber and Smith – Discovered endonuclease
B. Feldman – Developed transgenic plants with Agrobacterium T-DNA
C. Mullis – Discovered polymerase chain reaction.
D. Temin & Baltimore – Discovered reverse transcriptase"
122
121. Which one of the following statements is correct? [2002],"(a) Prions are the smallest free-living cells., (b) The cell wall of Mycoplasma is made up of amino sugars, (c) Viroids consist of single-stranded RNA molecule, (d) Rickettsias lack cell wall"
121,c,"• Viroids are plant pathogens that consist of a short stretch of highly complementary, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules. • Prion is an infectious agent composed primarily of protein. • Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. • Rickettsias possess a cell wall."
123
122. Assertion (A) : Drinking of whisky increases the frequency of urination. Reason (R) : Alcohol intake speeds up the secretion of vasopressin in the body. [2002],"(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A, (c) A is true but R is false, (d) A is false but R is true"
122,c,"Urination can be induced within a few minutes after a person consumes alcohol because when the kidney filters waste, the capillaries constrict and affect the filtering ability of the kidney. When the body needs to conserve water, the pituitary gland secretes a hormone called vasopressin, which causes the nephron filters to become permeable, retaining more water in the bloodstream and allowing less water to be excreted in the urine. Alcohol decreases vasopressin secretion."
124
123. Assertion (A) : Human diet should compulsorily contains glycine, serine and tyrosine. Reason (R) : Essential amino acids can not be synthesized in the human body. [2002],"(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A, (c) A is true both R is false, (d) A is false but R is true"
123,d,"Assertion is false, but the reason is true. Essential amino acids are those that are taken from food and not synthesized in the body, whereas non-essential amino acids need not be supplied in the diet and are synthesized in the body. Glycine, serine, and tyrosine are non-essential amino acids."
125
124. Among living organisms, which one of the following is the most responsible factor for bringing about the origin of a new species? [2002],"(a) Isolation, (b) Mutation, (c) Natural selection, (d) Sexual reproduction"
124,b,"Mutation is a factor in the origin of new species, but it is not the only responsible factor. Other factors such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow also play significant roles in speciation."
126
125. Ticks and mites are actually [2002],"(a) Arachnids, (b) Crustaceans, (c) Insects, (d) Myriapods"
125,a,"Ticks and mites belong to the order Arachnida in the phylum Arthropoda."
127
126. With reference to the blood in a normal person, which one of the following statements is correct? [2002],"(a) Compared to arteries, veins are less numerous and hold less of the body’s blood at any given time, (b) Blood cells constitute about 70 percent of the total volume of the blood, (c) White blood cells (WBC) are made by lymph nodes only, (d) The blood has more platelets than WBC"
126,d,"Blood has more red blood cells (erythrocytes) than platelets. A microliter of blood typically contains about 5 million red blood cells and 150,000-500,000 platelets."
128
127. Octopus is [2003],"(a) an arthropod, (b) an echinoderm, (c) a hemichordate, (d) a mollusc"
127,d,"Octopus belongs to the class Cephalopoda in the phylum Mollusca. It lacks a shell, is found at the bottom of the sea, kills its prey with poisonous saliva, and is capable of changing its color."
129
128. Consider the following conditions of a sick human body [2003],"1. Swollen lymph nodes 2. Sweating at night 3. Loss of memory 4. Loss of weight","(a) 1 and 2, (b) 2, 3 and 4, (c) I, 3 and 4, (d) I, 2, 3 and 4"
128,d,"AIDS is indeed a viral disease that weakens the immune system, making the body susceptible to various infections. Symptoms of AIDS can include night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, memory loss, and weight loss."
130
129. With reference to the work of human kidney, consider the following statements [2003],"1. After the waste is removed in the kidney, the clean blood is sent back through renal artery. 2. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.","(a) Only 1, (b) Only 2, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
129,b,"The description matches the structure and function of a nephron, the functional unit of the kidney."
131
130. Which one of the following statements is not correct? [2003],"(a) Milk contains none of the B-vitamins., (b) Vitamin-A (retinol) deficiency leads to dry and scaly skin., (c) One of the symptoms of scurvy is pain in the joints., (d) Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency can lead to heart failure."
130,a,"Milk contains vitamins B1 (thiamin) and B2 (riboflavin), so statement (a) is incorrect."
132
131. With reference to normal human beings, consider the following statements: [2003],"1. In response to the presence of HCl, secretin is produced from the duodenum. 2. Enterogastrone is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty acids.","(a) Only 1, (b) Only 2, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
131,c,"Both statements are correct. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted in the stomach to provide an acidic environment for pepsin and kill bacteria. Enterogastrone is produced in the small intestine."
133
132. Consider the following statements: [2004],"
133. 1. Non-functioning of lachrymal gland is an important symptom of deficiency of Vitamin A.
134. 2. Deficiency of Vitamin B1 can lead to indigestion and heart enlargement.
135. 3. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to pain in the muscles.
136. 4. Deficiency of Vitamin D causes increased loss of Ca++ in urine.","(a) 1 and 2, (b) 2, 3 and 4, (c) 1, 3 and 4, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4"
132,d,"The lacrimal gland produces tears, but deficiency of vitamin A does not affect its function. Vitamin A deficiency primarily affects vision and can lead to night blindness and other eye problems. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes diseases like beriberi, which can include symptoms like loss of appetite, heart disorders, and muscular weakness."
134
133. The hormone insulin is a [2004],"(a) glycolipid, (b) fatty acid, (c) peptide, (d) sterol"
133,c,"Insulin is indeed a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids, and it is secreted by the pancreas, specifically from the Islets of Langerhans."
135
134. Consider the following statements: [2004],"1. Toothless mammals such as Pangolins are not found in India. 2. Gibbon is the only ape found in India.","(a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
134,b,"Gibbons are indeed apes found in the rainforests of Assam, India. Pangolins, on the other hand, are found in tropical Asia and Africa."
136
135. In which organ of the human body, lymphocyte cells formed?,"(a) Liver, (b) Long bone, (c) Pancreas, (d) Spleen [2004]"
135,b,"Lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response and originate from the bone marrow, not the ""Hen,"" as mentioned in the note."
137
136. Assertion (A) : Fatty acids should be a part of the balanced human diet. Reason (R) : The cells of the human body cannot synthesize any fatty acids. [2004],"(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A, (c) A is true but R is false, (d) A is false but R is true"
136,c,"A balanced diet indeed contains the correct amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. However, the reason provided for the assertion is incorrect. While some fatty acids can be synthesized by the body, essential fatty acids like linoleic and linolenic acids must be obtained from the diet."
138
137. Consider the following statements: [2004],"1. Femur is the longest bone in the human body. 2. Cholera is a disease caused by bacteria. 3. ‘Athlete’s foot’ is a disease caused by virus.","(a) 1 and 2, (b) 2 and 3, (c) 1 and 3, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
137,a,"The femur is indeed the largest bone in the human body. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and athlete's foot is caused by parasitic fungi of the genus Trichophyton."
139
138. Consider the following statements: [2005],"1. Dengue is a protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes. 2. Retro-orbital pain is not a symptom of dengue. 3. Skin rash and bleeding from nose and gums are some of the symptoms of dengue.","(a) 1 and 2, (b) 3 only, (c) 2 only, (d) 1 and 3"
138,b,"Dengue fever is indeed transmitted by the bite of infective female Aedes mosquitoes and is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and rash."Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquito. The symptoms of disease are characterized by high fever, severe muscle pain, joint pain and rashes in body.
140
139. Which of the following diseases of milching animals are infectious ? [2005],"1. Foot and mouth disease 2. Anthrax 3. Black Quarter 4. Cowpox","(a) 1, 2 and 3, (b) 2, 3 and 4, (c) 1 and 4, (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4"
139,d,"All of the mentioned diseases—dengue fever, malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis—are infectious diseases."
141
140. Assertion (A) : All the proteins in our food are digested in small intestine only. Reason (R) : The protein-digesting enzyme from pancreas are released into small intestine. [2005],"(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A, (c) A is true but R is false, (d) Ais false but R is true"
140,d,"Protein digestion primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Pancreatic juices, which contain proteolytic enzymes, are released into the duodenum from the pancreatic duct."
142
141. Assertion (A) : Amoeba reproduces by fission. Reason (R) : All unicellular organisms reproduce by asexual methods. [2005],"(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A, (c) A is true but R is false, (d) Ais false but R is true"
141,a,"The assertion is correct, and the reason provided is a valid explanation for it. Amoebas are unicellular organisms that reproduce asexually through processes like binary fission."
143
142. Assertion (A) : The person with Diabetes insipidus feels thirsty. Reason (R) : A person with Diabetes insipidus suffers from excess secretion of vasopressin. [2005],"(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A, (c) A is true but R is false, (d) Ais false but R is true"
142,c,"The assertion is correct, but the reason provided is false. Vasopressin deficiency leads to diabetes insipidus, characterized by the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine, not diabetes mellitus."
144
143. Pneumoconiosis affects the workers who work mainly in [2005],"(a) Tanneries, (b) Coal mining industry, (c) Distillerie, (d) Glass industry"
143,b,"Pneumoconiosis is indeed a respiratory disease caused by inhaling various types of dust, such as coal dust, silica dust, and asbestos dust."
145
144. Consider the following statements with reference to the human body : [2006],"1. The common bile duct releases its contents into stomach. 2. The pancreatic duct releases its contents into duodenum.","(a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
144,b,"Both the bile duct and the pancreatic duct release their contents into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine."
146
145. Which one among the following is not a good source of nutritional calcium ? [2006],"(a) Rice, (b) Ragi, (c) Skimmed milk, (d) Egg"
145,a,"Rice is not a good source of calcium compared to other foods like dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods."
147
146. Consider the following statements: [2006],"1. Caffeine, a constituent of tea and coffee is a diuretic. 2. Citric acid is used in soft drinks. 3. Ascorbic acid is essential for formation of bones and teeth. 4. Citric acid is a good substitution ascorbic acid in our nutrition.","(a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 1,2 and 3 only, (c) 3 and 4 only, (d) I, 2, 3 and 4"
146,d,"The statement about citric acid being a good substitute for ascorbic acid is incorrect. Citric acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are distinct compounds with different nutritional roles."
148
147. Consider the following statements: [2006],"1. ELISA test is employed as the first and most basic test for an individual to detect cancer. 2. Almost 50% of human beings have Rh+ blood while the remaining have Rh– blood.","(a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
147,d,"ELISA tests are indeed used to detect HIV/AIDS. The Rh factor is indeed present in the blood, with approximately 85% of individuals being Rh+."
149
148. What is the name of the vessel that delivers the nutrient/ rich blood from the stomach and small intestine to the liver? [2006],"(a) Left hepatic artery, (b) Hepatic vein, (c) Right hepatic artery, (d) Hepatic portal vein"
148,d,"The hepatic portal vein does indeed deliver nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver. The liver is indeed the largest gland in the human body."
150
149. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? [2006],"Recent Scientific Achievement Country","(a) Creating the world first U. K, (b) Cloning a human embryo Germany for the first time, (c) Guiding a spacecraft for U.S.A. collision with a comet, (d) Landing a spacecraft on Japan an asteroid"
149,b,"The first cloning of a human embryo did indeed occur in the USA."
151
150. Consider the following statements: [2006],"1. Meningococcal Meningitis is transmitted from person to person by mosquito bites. 2. Vomiting and neck pain are two of the symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis.","(a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
150,b,"Meningococcal meningitis is indeed transmitted through respiratory droplets, making it a droplet-transmitted disease."
152
151. Robert Webster is known for his work associated with which one of the following? [2007],"(a) Cardiology, (b) Influenza virus, (c) HIV/AIDS, (d) Alzheimer"
151,b,"Robert Webster is indeed a scientist known for his research on influenza virus proteins and the development of vaccines and antivirals."
153
152. In the human body, which structure is the appendix attached to? [2007],"(a) The large intestine, (b) The small intestine, (c) The gall bladder, (d) The stomach"
152,a,"The appendix is indeed attached to the first portion of the large intestine (the cecum) and has no known function in modern humans."
154
153. In human body, which one of the following hormones regulates blood calcium and phosphate? [2007],"(a) Glucagon, (b) Growth hormone, (c) Parathyroid hormone, (d) Thyroxine"
153,c,"Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is indeed secreted by the parathyroid gland and plays a key role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the blood."
155
154. How do most insects respire? [2007],"(a) Through skin, (b) Through gills, (c) By lungs, (d) By tracheal system"
154,d,"Most insects do indeed respire through a tracheal system composed of chitin-lined tubes called tracheae."
156
155. In human beings, normally in which one of the following parts, does the sperm fertilize the ovum? [2007],"(a) Cervix, (b) Fallopian tube, (c) Lower part of uterus, (d) Upper part of uterus"
155,b,"The fallopian tube is indeed the structure where fertilization typically occurs, as sperm meet the egg in the fallopian tube."
157
156. Which one of the following parts of the human brain is the regulating centre for swallowing and vomiting? [2007],"(a) Cerebellum, (b) Cerebrum, (c) Medulla oblongata, (d) Pons"
156,c,"The medulla oblongata is indeed the lower part of the brainstem responsible for controlling vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and swallowing."
158
157. Production of which one of the following is a function of the liver? [2007],"(a) Lipase, (b) Urea, (c) Mucus, (d) Hydrochloric acid"
157,b,"Urea is indeed the main nitrogenous waste product in ureotelic animals."
159
158. Which one of the following is not a digestive enzyme in the human system? [2007],"(a) Trypsin, (b) Gastrin, (c) Ptyalin, (d) Pepsin"
158,b,"Gastrin is indeed a hormone that stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes in the stomach."
160
159. Which one of the following is the correct sequence in the order of decreasing length of the three structural parts given below of small intestine in the human body? [2007],"(a) Jejunum - Duodenum - Ileum, (b) Ileum - Duodenum - Jejunum, (c) Jejunum - Ileum - Duodenum, (d) Ileum - Jejunum - Duodenum"
159,d,"The correct sequence, in decreasing length, of the structural parts of the small intestine is indeed ileum, jejunum, and duodenum."
161
160. In which of the following kinds of organisms is the phenomenon found wherein the female kills the male after copulation? [2008],"(a) Dragonfly, (b) Honeybee, (c) Spider, (d) Pit viper"
160,c,"Sexual cannibalism is indeed observed primarily in spiders, where the female may consume the male before, during, or after copulation."
162
161. For which one of the following snakes is the diet mainly composed of other snakes? [2008],"(a) Krait, (b) Russell’s viper, (c) Rattlesnake, (d) King cobra"
161,d,"King cobras do indeed feed on other snakes."
163
162. What is the pH level of blood of a normal person? [2008],"(a) 4.5–4.6, (b) 6.45–6.55, (c) 7.35–7.45, (d) 8.25–8.35"
162,c,"Blood is indeed slightly alkaline, with a pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45."
164
163. Assertion (A): In human body, liver has important role in fat digestion. [2008] Reason (R): Liver produces two important fat-digesting enzymes.,"(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A, (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A, (c) A is true but R is false, (d) Ais false but R is true"
163,c,"The liver does indeed secrete bile, store glycogen, and play a role in metabolism, but it does not contain digestive enzymes and is not directly involved in digestion."
165
164. Among the following, which one lays eggs and does not produce young ones directly? [2008],"(a) Echidna, (b) Kangaroo, (c) Porcupine, (d) Whale"
164,a,"Echidnas, also known as spiny anteaters, are monotremes, which are mammals that lay eggs."
166
165. The release of which one of the following into ponds and wells helps in controlling the mosquitoes? [2008],"(a) Crab, (b) Dogfish, (c) Gambusia fish, (d) Snail"
165,c,"Gambusia affinis, also known as the mosquito fish, is indeed a larvivorous fish commonly released into ponds and wells to control mosquito larvae."
167
166. Among the following, which one is not an ape? [2008],"(a) Gibbon, (b) Gorilla, (c) Langur, (d) Orangutan"
166,c,"Gibbon, gorilla, and orangutan are indeed apes, but the langur is a type of monkey, not an ape."
168
167. In the context of genetic disorders, consider the following: A woman suffers from colour blindness while her husband does not suffer from it. They have a son and a daughter. In this context, which one of the following statements is most probably correct? [2009],"(a) Both children suffer from colour blindness. (b) Daughter suffers from colour blindness while son does not suffer from it. (c) Both children do not suffer from colour blindness. (d) Son suffers from colour blindness while daughter does not suffer from it."
167,d,"Based on the graphical presentation provided, it can be concluded that the son is colorblind, while the daughter is a carrier of the trait."
169
168. In the context of Indian wild life, the flying fox is a [2009],"(a) Bat, (b) Kite, (c) Stork, (d) Vulture"
168,a,"Bats are indeed commonly known as fruit bats or flying foxes, and they are found in various regions, including northeastern parts of India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands."
170
169. With reference to the evolution of living organisms, which one of the following sequences is correct? [2009],"(a) Octopus-Dolphin-Shark, (b) Pangolin-Tortoise-Hawk, (c) Salamander-Python-Kangaroo, (d) Frog-Crab-Prawn"
169,c,"The given sequence—salamander, python, kangaroo—corresponds to the order of appearance of these organisms during the course of evolution, with amphibians (salamanders) appearing before reptiles (pythons) and mammals (kangaroos)."
171
170. The Panda belongs to the same family as that of [2009],"(a) Bear, (b) Cat, (c) Dog, (d) Rabbit"
170,a,"Pandas and bears both belong to the family Ursidae. Pandas are medium-sized bears known for their distinctive coloration."
172
171. The marine animal called Dugong which is vulnerable to extinction is [2009],"(a) Amphibian, (b) Bony fish, (c) Shark, (d) Mammal"
171,d,"Dugongs are indeed large marine mammals with a fusiform body, no dorsal fin, and paddle-like flippers. They primarily feed on seagrass and give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of around 13 months."
173
172. Widespread resistance of malarial parasite to drugs like chloroquine has prompted attempts to develop a malarial vaccine to combat malaria. Why is it difficult to develop an effective malaria vaccine ? [2010],"(a) Malaria is caused by several species of Plasmodium (b) Man does not develop immunity to malaria during natural infection (c) Vaccines can be developed only against bacteria (d) Man is only an intermediate host and not the definitive host."
172,b,"It is indeed challenging to develop an effective malaria vaccine due to the complexity of the parasite's life cycle and the lack of long-term immunity after natural infection."
174
173. Consider the following statements: [2010] 1. Hepatitis B is several times more infectious than HIV / AIDS 2. Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?,"(a) 1 only, (b) 2 only, (c) Both 1 and 2, (d) Neither 1 nor 2"
173,c,"Hepatitis B is indeed a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids."
175
174. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener sold in the market. It consist of amino acids and provides calories like other amino acids. Yet, it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent in food items. What is the basis of this use? [2011 - I],"
175. (a) Aspartame is as sweet as table sugar, but unlike table sugar, it is not readily oxidized in human body due to lack of requisite enzymes.
176. (b) When aspartame is used in food processing, the sweet taste remains, but it becomes resistant to oxidation.
177. (c) Aspartame is as sweet as sugar, but after ingestion into the body, it is converted into metabolites that yield no calories.
178. (d) Aspartame is several times sweeter than table sugar, hence food items made with small quantities of aspartame yield fewer calories on oxidation"
174,d,"Aspartame is indeed metabolized by the body into its constituent amino acids and methanol. These components are handled by the body in the same way as those obtained from other dietary sources and do not contribute additional calories."
176
175. At present, scientists can determine the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome. How does this knowledge benefit us? [2011 - I] 1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock. 2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases. 3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?,"(a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
175,c "The Human Genome Project is not limited to studying genetic diseases but aims to sequence and map all the genes of the human genome, providing valuable insights into various aspects of human biology, including disease susceptibility and drug response."
177
176. A company marketing food products advertises that its items do not contain trans-fats. What does this campaign signify to the customers ? [2011 - I] 1. The food products are not made out of hydrogenated oils. 2. The food products are not made out of animal fats/ oils. 3. The oils used are not likely to damage the cardiovascular health of the consumers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,"(a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1,2 and 3"
176,c Natural trans fats, including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid, occur in the milk and body fat of ruminant animals like cattle and sheep."
178
177. A married couple adopted a male child. A few years later, twin boys were born to them. The blood group of the couple is AB positive and O negative. The blood group of the three sons is A positive, B positive , and O positive. The blood group of the adopted son is ? [2011 - I],"(a) O positive, (b) A positive, (c) B positive, (d) Cannot be determined on the basis of the given data"
177,a,"Based on the blood group of the parents (AB and O) and the given blood groups of the sons (A+, B+, O+), the boy must be adopted."
179
178. Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity ?
179. (a) They activate the enzymes necessary for vitamin synthesis in the body and help prevent vitamin deficiency (
180. b) They prevent excessive oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body and help avoid unnecessary wastage of energy
181. (c) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism
182. (d) They activate certain genes in the cells of the body and help delay the ageing process,"
178,c,"Oxidation reactions can indeed produce free radicals, which can lead to chain reactions causing damage or death in cells. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates."
180
179. Which one of the following sets of elements was primarily responsible for the origin of life on the Earth? [2012 - I] (a) Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium (b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen (c) Oxygen, Calcium, Phosphorus (d) Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium,"(a) Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium, (b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, (c) Oxygen, Calcium, Phosphorus, (d) Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium"
179,b,"The elements present in proteins are carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen."
181
180. Consider the following kinds of organisms : [2012 - I] 1. Bat 2. Bee 3. Bird Which of the above is/are pollinating agent/agents? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3,"(a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 2 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
180,d,"All of the listed organisms—bees, butterflies, wind, and animals—are pollinating agents."
182
181. Improper handling and storage of cereal grains and oilseeds result in the production of toxins known as aflatoxins which are not generally destroyed by normal cooking process. Aflatoxins are produced by [2013 - I] (a) bacteria (b) protozoa (c) moulds (d) viruses,"(a) bacteria, (b) protozoa, (c) moulds, (d) viruses"
181,c,"Aflatoxins are indeed produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, particularly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which can grow on various substrates under high moisture conditions."
183
182. Which of the following adds / add nitrogen to the soil? [2013 - I] 1. Excretion of urea by animals 2. Burning of coal by man 3. Death of vegetation Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3,"(a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
182,c,"The excretion of urea by animals contributes nitrogen to the soil, as urea is a nitrogen-containing substance found in urine. Additionally, the death of vegetation adds organic matter to the soil, which decomposes to release inorganic nitrogen."
184
183. Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing? [2013 - I] 1. Chikungunya 2. Hepatitis B 3. HIV-AIDS Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3,"(a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
183,b,"Body piercing or tattooing with unsterilized needles can lead to infections with hepatitis B and C viruses, potentially causing liver disease. Proper sterilization of needles is crucial to prevent transmission of these viruses."
185
184. Consider the following minerals: [2013 - I] 1. Calcium 2. Iron 3. Sodium Which of the minerals given above is/are required by human body for the contraction of muscles? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3,"(a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
184,c,"Calcium is indeed the most abundant mineral in the body and is essential for various functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, and nerve functioning. Sodium is important for fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction."
186
185. Consider the following animals: [2013 - I] 1. Sea cow 2. Sea horse 3. Sea lion Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3,"(a) 1 only, (b) 1 and 3 only, (c) 2 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
185,b,"Sea cow (manatee) is indeed a mammal, while sea horse is a fish. Sea lion is also a mammal, often referred to as an eared seal."
187
186. Which of the following statements is/are correct? [2013 - I] 1. Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy. 2. Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium. 3. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3,"(a) 1 only, (b) 2 and 3 only, (c) 1 and 3 only, (d) 1, 2 and 3"
186,a,"Viruses lack metabolic enzymes and cannot generate their own energy. They require a living host cell to replicate and cannot be cultured in synthetic media. Viruses can be transmitted through biological and mechanical vectors."
188
187. Among the following organisms, which one does not belong to the class of other three? [2014 - I] (a) Crab (b) Mite (c) Scorpion (d) Spider,"(a) Crab, (b) Mite, (c) Scorpion, (d) Spider"
187,a,"Mite, spider, and scorpion are arachnids, while crabs belong to the category of crustaceans."
189
188. Consider the following diseases : [2014 - I] 1 . Diphtheria 2. Chickenpox 3. Smallpox Which of the above diseases has/have been eradicated in India? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None,"(a) 1 and 2 only, (b) 3 only, (c) 1, 2 and 3, (d) None"
188,b,"Smallpox is the only disease that has been eradicated globally, including from India."
190
189,Consider the following pairs : Vitamin Deficiency disease Which of the pairs given above is/ are correctly matched?,2014 - I,Vitamin C : Scurvy Vitamin D : Rickets Vitamin E : Night blindness (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
189,a,"Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, deficiency of vitamin D causes rickets, and deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness."
191
190,Consider the following : The phenomenon of hibernation can be observed in which of the above kinds of animals?,2014 - I,Bats Bears Rodents (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) Hibernation cannot be observed in any of the above
190,c,"Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression observed in endotherms such as bats, bears, and rodents."
192
191,H1N1 virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases?,2015-I,AIDS Bird flu Dengue Swine flu
191,d,"H1N1 flu, also known as swine flu, is caused by an influenza A virus subtype designated as H1N1."
193
192,Which of the following statements is/are correct? Viruses can infect,2016-I,bacteria fungi plants (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
192,d,"Viruses are small infectious agents that replicate only inside living cells. They can infect all types of life forms, and they are classified based on the type of host they infect: plant viruses, animal viruses, fungal viruses, and bacterial viruses (bacteriophages)."
194
193,Consider the following statements: In tropical regions,
Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue.
Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,2017-I,In tropical regions, Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits dengue. Sexual transmission of Zika virus disease is possible. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
193,c,"Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are all spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. Additionally, Zika virus can also be transmitted sexually."
195
194,Consider the following: Which of the above spread plant diseases?,2018-I,Birds Dust blowing Rain Wind blowing (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
194,d,"Birds, woodpeckers, and wind can all play a role in disseminating plant pathogens. Rain can also contribute to the spread of certain bacterial pathogens, such as fire blight bacteria."
196
195,Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the desert areas to inhibit water loss?,2018-I,Hard and waxy leaves Tiny leaves Thorns instead of leaves (a) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
195,d,"Thorns are sometimes classified as aerial modifications of stems, while other sources classify them as leaf modifications. Since experts were divided, UPSC chose option (d) as the official answer."
197
]196. Consider the following statements: [2019-I]
1. Some species of turtle are herbivores
2. Some species of fish are herbivores
3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores
4. Some species of snakes are viviparous
Which of the statement given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
196,d,"Cobras, pythons, and keelbacks are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live young, so statement #4 is correct. Sea turtles can exhibit various dietary habits, including being carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, making statement #1 correct. Therefore, since all statements are true, option (d) is the correct answer."
198
197. Which of the following are the reasons for the occurence
of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?
[2019-I]
1. Genetic predisposition of some people.
2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases.
3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming.
4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1,3 and 4 (d) 2,3 and 4.
197,b,"Overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, in both humans and animals are major contributors to the development of antibiotic resistance. This misuse includes the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock and for disease prevention in healthy animals, leading to the transfer of resistant bacteria to humans. Since statements #2 and #3 accurately reflect this information, option (b) is the correct answer."
199
198. Which of the following statements is not correct?
[2019-I]
(a) Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV.
(b) Hepatitis B, unlike Hepatitis C, does not have a
vaccine.
(c) Globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis
B and C viruses are several times more than those
infected with HIV.
(d) Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses
do not show the symptoms for many years.
198,b,"Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of vaccines on a large scale, such as the hepatitis B vaccine produced from yeast. Therefore, option (b) is incorrect as per the provided information."
200
199. Consider the following statements : [2020-I]
1. Genetic changes can be introduced in the cells that
produce eggs or sperms of a prospective parent.
2. A person’s genome can be edited before birth at the
early embryonic stage.
3. Human induced pluripotent stem cells can be
injected into the embryo of a pig.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
199,d,"CRISPR genome editing technology can be used for accomplishing statement #1. Additionally, gene-edited babies were indeed born in China as mentioned in statement #3. Therefore, since statements #1 and #3 are correct, option (d) is the correct answer."
201
200. What is the importance of using Pneumococcal
Conjugate Vaccines in India? [2020-I]
1. These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as
well as meningitis and sepsis.
2. Dependence on antibiotics that are not effective
against drug-resistant bacteria can be reduced.
3. These vaccines have no side effects and cause no
allergic reactions.
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
200,b,"The vaccine mentioned is indeed effective against various diseases as stated in statement #1. Pneumococcal b conjugate vaccines have indeed reduced the burden of antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases globally, as mentioned in statement #2. However, vaccines may cause certain side effects and allergic reactions, so statement #3 is incorrect. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer."
