Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4.2 Blood Transfusion Science > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are coagulation disorders?

A

Conditions affecting the blood’s ability to clot, leading to excessive bleeding or thrombosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What activates the intrinsic pathway?

A

Activated by damage inside the blood vessel.

Factors involved: I, II, IX, X, XI, XII
I = fibrinogen
II = prothrombin
XII = Hagemman factor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What triggers the extrinsic pathway?

A

Triggered by external trauma.

I, II, VII, X
Factor VII and tissue factor (TF) are key.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the common pathway in coagulation?

A

Both pathways converge to activate factor X, leading to thrombin formation and fibrin clot development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of coagulation disorders?

A

Can be inherited (e.g., haemophilia) or acquired (e.g., DIC).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an example of an antifibrinolytic agent?

A

Tranexamic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is used for warfarin reversal?

A

Vitamin K and Octaplex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are recombinant clotting factors?

A

Safer and virus-free products (e.g., Eloctate for factor VIII).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are plasma-derived products?

A

Viral inactivated products, including cryoprecipitate (contains fibrinogen, vWF, and factor VIII).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are monoclonal antibody columns used for?

A

Used for purification of clotting factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is Haemophilia A diagnosed?

A

Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).

Factor VIII levels <1% indicate severe disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the therapy for Haemophilia A?

A

Recombinant factor VIII.

Desmopressin (DDAVP) for mild cases; Tranexamic acid for mucosal bleeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What percentage of Haemophilia A patients develop inhibitors?

A

15% of patients develop inhibitors (antibodies against factor VIII).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are inhibitors in Haemophilia A managed?

A

Managed by high-dose factor VIII or bypassing agents (e.g., FEIBA, factor VIIa).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the evolution of factor concentrates?

A

Transitioned from plasma-derived products to recombinant factors.

Current products, like Eloctate, are recombinant and safer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes Haemophilia B?

A

Caused by factor IX deficiency.

17
Q

How is Haemophilia B managed?

A

Managed with recombinant factor IX or plasma-derived products.

18
Q

What are the types of Von Willebrand Disease (vWD)?

A

Type 1: Reduced vWF levels (most common); Type 2: Defective vWF function; Type 3: Severe deficiency of vWF.

19
Q

What is the treatment for Type 1 vWD?

A

Desmopressin or tranexamic acid.

20
Q

What is the treatment for Type 2 vWD?

A

vWF concentrates (e.g., Willate).

21
Q

What is the treatment for Type 3 vWD?

A

vWF concentrates; DDAVP is ineffective.

22
Q

What is DIC?

A

Acquired thrombophilia characterized by widespread clotting and subsequent bleeding due to depletion of clotting factors.

23
Q

What are common triggers for DIC?

A

Sepsis, trauma, malignancy.

24
Q

How is DIC managed?

A

By treating the underlying cause and supportive care (e.g., plasma, platelets).

25
Q

What constitutes a massive transfusion?

A

Replacement of >50% blood volume within 24 hours.

26
Q

What are the risks of massive transfusion?

A

Dilutional coagulopathy, hypocalcemia, and hypothermia.

27
Q

What is thrombophilia?

A

Hypercoagulable states that increase thrombosis risk.

28
Q

What are the causes of thrombophilia?

A

Can be inherited (e.g., Factor V Leiden) or acquired (e.g., antiphospholipid syndrome).

29
Q

How is thrombophilia managed?

A

With anticoagulants and lifestyle modifications.

30
Q

What does tranexamic acid do?

A

Prevents clot breakdown by inhibiting plasminogen activation.

31
Q

What are historical challenges of transfusion-transmitted infections?

A

Included HIV and hepatitis C transmission.

32
Q

What are current safeguards against transfusion-transmitted infections?

A

Viral inactivation methods and nucleic acid testing (NAT).

33
Q

How is warfarin reversal managed in mild cases?

A

Skip a dose or administer vitamin K.

34
Q

What is the preferred treatment for severe warfarin reversal?

A

Octaplex preferred over plasma to reduce complications.

35
Q

What are the methods for pathogen inactivation of products?

A

Solvent detergent treatment, heat inactivation, and pasteurization.

36
Q

What are examples of resistant pathogens?

A

Hepatitis B and parvovirus B19.

4.2 Blood Transfusion Science (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions