Donor and Blood Collection - key points Flashcards
When did the Blood Transfusion Service Board come into existence
1965
But name was changed in 2000 to IBTS
How many donations are required per year
150,000
What is the frequency of blood in Ireland
O+ 47
A+ 26
B+ 9
O- 8%
A- 5%
B- 2%
AB+ 2%
AB- 1%
How many donations needed every week?
3,000
How many people need transfusions a week in Ireland
1,000
What % of irish people are donors?
1.5%
What are the 6 main donor categories?
Homologous volunteer
Paid
Autologous
Directed
Replacement donor
Aphereis -> 50%
Reasons for donation
Altruism
Peer pressure
Enlightened self interest - possible future need
Family tradition
Personal or professional experience of tranfusion
Rare blood group or neonatal use
Therapeutic hereditary haemochromatosis
Patriotism
Replacement for family
Non-monetary gifts e.g. credits
Opportunity for medical testing
Donor recruitment strategies
Increased public awareness through TV/Radio, posters, leaflets etc
Direct markerting -> targeting pre-selected potential donors
School curricula - instil awareness in children
Establish a readily identified national identity through logos, emblems etc
Local community volunteers -> organise clinics and advertise etc
List some campaigns
Flesh and Blood Initiative - priests encourage donation in congregations at easter
“Roll up your sleeves” - for men
Blood 4 life week - co-incides with world blood donor day on june 14th
Schools programme - educational pack including videos and discussion packs etc
Blood Buddy campaign - same blood types etc
The missing type campaign - removed ABO letters from known brand names eg Dairy Milk
Everyone counts - small communities donate together etc
What is the rate of lapse in donors, why
15% lapse in UK
Health, re-location, inconvenience
1/150,000 require hospitilisation
Many have bruising
Bad experience: 1 in 6300 have neurological needle injury-numbness
How to retain donors
No unnecessary deferrals and a welcome back for temporary deferrals
Improved administrative factors e.g. clinic times, convenient premises, que management, pleasent premises etc
Well trained, caring staff
Appropriate post donation care
Planned floow up encouraging further donations
Thank you after donation
Texts when blood is transfused
Haemoglobin levels for men and women
12.5g/dL for women
13.5g/dl for men
Why do women have lower Hb
Not due to menstruation
Due to higher estrogen
Causes smaller capillaries which are more open thus less haemoglobin is needed in females
How frequently can you donate?
4 times a year
How much blood is donated
450mls blood into 63 mls CPDA
Mimimum weight for donation
50kg
Blood pressure for donation
180 over 100
Some examples of permanent exclusion
High risk behaviours either sexual practice or drug abuse
Chronic infections such as HIV, HBV, Brucellosis or Chagas disease
Risk of CJD - dura mater grafts of human pituitary hormones
Diseases of unkown or viral aetiology e.g. jaundice/hepatitis >13 years old
Temporary exclusions
Sexual contacts of high risk partners
Ear or body piercing
Tattoo, accupuncture
Blood transfusion
Vaccinations
Foreign travel to malaria endemic areas
Pregnancy
Surgery
SARS/Covid - travel contact
Been in prison
Cold or flu
Visit to USA, Canada, Cuba or Israel in last 2 months
West nile virus
Give an example of a medication which permanently excludes you from blood donation
Accutane
Known to cause genetic mutations
Or growth hormone
What is confidential unit exclusion
Donors attending due to peer pressure and still want to donate but know they shouldnt
Unit will be discarded
Isnt done anymore
List the laboratory testing done on a unit
ABO and RhD groups as well as K
Group O high titre
Test for unexpected blood group Abs
Hep B -> HBsAg -> anti- hep B core Ab test -> NAT
HIV 1 and 2 NAT
HTLV 1 and 2 antibodies
Hep C NAT
Hep E NAT since 2019
Syphilisis antibody
List some optional further testing on units
Malaria antibody test
WNV -> seasonally tested
CMV -> antibody
HTLV 1 and 2 -> only on first time donors
Why do we only test first time donors for HTLV
since 2000 we havent found a single positive -> hence why we only ever do it on first time donors ont he basis of @if they dont have it theyre probalby not going to get it’ as prevalence is so low
What virology do we carry out
HIV 1 and 2
anti HCV Ab
anti HTLV1 and 2 Ab
Anti HB core antibody
Anti hep B surface antigen
Anti Syphilis antibody
What NAT do we carry out
HIV 1 and 2
HCV
HBV
HEV
