Untit 2 Comtol And Communication Flashcards
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
It’s consist of two main parts : the brain and spinal chord. The CNS is connected to the rest of the body by other neurons. ( nerves)
What is the nervous system?
It consisted of the brain the spinal chord and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving and interpreting information form all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes int he external environment.
The system can be divided into 2 parts:
1. The central nervous system.
2. Other nerves.
What is the cerebrum?
Controls conscious/thoughts, memory and personality. It is the big part of the brain.
What is the medulla?
Controls breathing and heart rate. It looks like a chord at the bottom of the brain.
What is the cerebellum?
Controls muscle coordination and balance. It sits under the cerebrum and over the medulla.
What are the three types of neurons?
-Sensory =first neuron in a pathway that receives a stimulus form a receptor
-inter= second neuron in a pathway is that transmits a message for a sensory neuron to a motor neuron
-motor= last neuron in a nerve pathway that enables a response to be made by an effector.
What are receptors?
They detect sensory input/stimuli. Protein molecule on the surface of the target cell that binds specifically to a hormone to carry out a specific response.
What do electrical impulses do?
Carry messages along neurons
How are electrical impulses transported across neurons?
Chemicals transport the electrical impulses at the synapses.
Reflex arc ?
Stimulus —> receptor —> sensory neuron —> inter neuron —> CNS —> motor neuron —> response —> effector.
What are endocrine glands?
They produce and release hormones into the bloodstream
What are hormones?
Types of portion chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland that travels through th blood stream to cause a response somewhere else in the body.
Explain target cells/tissus.
A cell which a hormone will bind to by a specific receptor to carry out its action.
A target tissue has cells with complementary receptor proteins form specific hormones so only that tissue will be affected by these hormones.
What happens when there is an increase in blood sugar?
Normal sugar level —> increase in blood sugar level —> change detected by pancreas —> insulin released from pancreas to liver —> insulin binds to liver cells. Liver cells turn exes glucose into glycogen. —> normal blood sugar level
What happens when there is a decrease in blood sugar levels?
Normal sugar level —> decrease in blood sugar level —> change detected by pancreas —> glucagon released from pancreas —> glucagon binds to liver cells. Liver cells turn glycogen into glucose —> normal blood sugar level
