Unit 2 Transport System - Animals Flashcards
What does blood contain in mammals?
Plasma , reed blood cells and white blood cells.
What does blood transport?
Nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
How are red blood cells specialised ?
By being concave in shape, having no nucleus and containing haemoglobin. This allows them to transport oxygen efficiently in the form of oxyhemoglobin.
Oxygen + haemoglobin ——> oxyhemoglobin
Explain white blood cells.
White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens. There are two main types of cells involved.
Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens.
Sone lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.
What are pathogens?
Disease causing micro-organisms ( bacteria, viruses, fungi).
Describe the pathway of blood through the body.
Vena cava —> right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary artery —> lungs —> pulmonary vein —> left atrium —> left ventricle —> aeorta —> all parts of the body … restart…
Describe arteries.
They have thick muscular walls, a narrow central channel and they carry blood under high pressure away from the heart.
Describe veins.
Veins have thinner walls, a wider central channel sand carry blood under low pressure back to the heart. Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Describe capillaries.
They are thin walled and have a large surface area, forming networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient exchange of materials.
What supplies the heart with blood?
Coronary artery
