Units and Stochastic/Deterministic effects

Question 1

Energy to produce 1 ion pair

Answer 1

34 eV

Question 2

Joules per eV

Answer 2

1.602 x 10^-19

Question 3

What is a measure of exposure

Answer 3

Roentgen (R).

Question 4

Definition of Roentgen

Answer 4

amount of radiation to produce 1 esu in 1 cm^3 in air

Question 5

What is the unit defined by 0.01 Joule / kg of matter

Answer 5

Radiation Absorbed Dose (rad)

Question 6

SI unit for energy per unit mass of tissue

Answer 6

Gray

Question 7

Gray conversions

Answer 7

1 Gy = 1 J/kg

1 Gy = 100 rad

Question 8

How much energy to kill a human.

Answer 8

4 Gy x 1J/kg x 70 kg = 280 Joules

Question 9

SI unit for dose

Answer 9

Sievert (Gy x Weight factor Wr)

Question 10

Unit for dose

Answer 10

REM (rad x Q quality factor)

Question 11

Why use mSv to describe radiation to the general public?

Answer 11

1. It is SI unit for dose (thus standardized)
2. No decimal points needed
3. complete range of biological effects included without needing prefixes

Question 12

Quality and Weighting factors for X-rays, gamma, and beta

Answer 12

Q = 1

Wr =1

Question 13

Quality and Weighting factors for thermal neutrons

Answer 13

Q = 2
Wr = 5

Question 14

Quality and Weighting factors for fast neutrons (0.2 + MeV)

Answer 14

Q = 10
Wr = 20

Question 15

Quality and Weighting factors for alpha and fission fragments

Answer 15

Q = 20
Wr = 20

Question 16

Purpose of Effective Dose Equivalent

Answer 16

Weights a partial body exposure to be equivalent to a whole body exposure

Question 17

Deterministic effects of radiation exposure

Answer 17

1. Has threshold for seeing an effect (below which are no effects)
2. Severity increases with increased dose

Question 18

Stochastic effects

Answer 18

No threshold. Increased dose increases probability of of cancer.

Question 19

Logistic regression

Answer 19

allows non-linear probability for binary events to be expressed linearly

Question 20

Excess Relative Risk

Answer 20

Relative Risk minus 1: (incidence in exposed / incidence in unexposed) - 1

Question 21

Probability of Causation

Answer 21

ERR/(ERR+1) or (RR-1)/RR

Question 22

Other title for Probability of Causation

Answer 22

Attributable Risk Percentage