Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiation Protection > Radiation Biology > Flashcards

Radiation Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery of X-ray Tube

A

Roentgen 1895

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Discovery of Radioactivity

A

Becquerel 1896

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Radiation LD-50

A

5,000 mSv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hiroshima survivors

A

63%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nagasaki survivors

A

73%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk of dying from cancer without added radiation exposure

A

27.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radiation level at which Cell killing starts:

A

1,000 Sv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

up to 50 keV. photon knocks out photoelectron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compton effect

A

60 keV to 2 MeV. photon hits electron, releases compton electron and scatter photon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pair formation

A

5 MeV and higher. photon interacts with nucleus to produce electron and positron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

eV to make an ion pair

A

34 eV per ion pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Linear Energy Transfer

A

energy per unit path length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

usually earliest cancer following high dose of radiation

A

leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

0.025%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

20 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

0.100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

50 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

0.25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

500 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5,000 mSv equates to what excess lifetime cancer risk?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)

A

Factor to compare radiation types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RBE equation

A

Dose(reference)/Dose(test) - inverse ratio of absorbed radiation required to produce given effect to a standard

21
Q

Direct effect of Ionizing Radiation

A

ionization, excitation

22
Q

Indirect effects

A

free radical generation

23
Q

Product of radiolysis of water

A

hydroxyl free radical

24
Q

G-Value

A 
# of molecules formed per 100 eV of radiation
(efficiency of production of a particular product)
25
Q

Oxygen effect

A

Cells in anoxic conditions are less sensitive to ionizing radiation. Free oxygen binds to ionized sites, “fixing” it so can not re-bind with hydrogen

26
Q

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)

A

Radiation dose required to inactivate cell population in absence of oxygen vs with oxygen

27
Q

Types of DNA damage

A

Base, Sugar, SS, DS, Base-free sites, Alkali-labile, DNA-protein cross link

28
Q

Bragg peak

A

point of highest energy deposition. energy drops off immediately after

29
Q

unstable chromosome abberations

A

dicentrics
rings
large deletions

30
Q

stable (viable) chromosome abberations

A

balanced translocations
inversions
small deletions

31
Q

Cerebrovascular syndrome

A

> 20 Gy, dead in 24-48 hours

32
Q

Gastrointestinal Syndrome

A

5 - 20 Gy. Death in 5-10 days

33
Q

Hematopoetic syndrome

A

2.5-5 Gy. Symptoms 3-4 weeks later.

34
Q

Efficacy for Bone Marrow transplant

A

8-10 Gy only

35
Q

Treatments to improve LD50

A

antibiotics
bone marrow transplant
platelet infusion

36
Q

Dose to fetus (after >16 weeks) of no concern

A

0.05 Gy

37
Q

pre-implantation time and effects

A

0-9 days; lethal effects

38
Q

organogenesis time and effects

A

10 days - 6 weeks; malformations

39
Q

fetal period time and effects

A

6 weeks to term; growth retardation

40
Q

Report of Ionizing Exposure to population of the US

A

NCRP report 160

41
Q

CT and Nuclear Medicine % increase to exposure

A

600% increase

42
Q

absolute risk

A

disease incidence in a population

250 people / 100,000 population

43
Q

relative risk

A

absolute risk in unexposed population relative to exposed population

250 cases/100,000 (exposed)
_______________________
50 cases/100,000(unexposed

44
Q

odds ratio

A

odds of diseased person having been exposed relative to non-diseased person

Exposed and diseased/not exposed and diseased / exposed not-diseased/not exposed and non-diseased

45
Q

type of study for odds ratio

A

case control study

46
Q

Excess Relative Risk

A

Relative Risk - 1

47
Q

When do you use Odds Ratios

A
  1. Cases are representative of all people with disease from the population
  2. controls are representative
  3. infrequent disease
48
Q

Ecological Studies

A

People are studied as a group i.e. at population level

49
Q

Ecological Fallacy

A

infer association b/w disease and exposure for individuals based on their group association

Radiation Protection (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions