Physiological Basis for internal dosimetry

Question 1

function of reticulo-endothelial system

Answer 1

removes foreign bodies

Question 2

Effective half life in relation to biological or physical half life

Answer 2

Effective is always shorter than either other

Question 3

Effective Half Life equation

Answer 3

(Tr x Tb) / (Tr + Tb) Tr - physical half life Tb - biological half life

Question 4

__ Sv = __ REM

Answer 4

1 Sv = 100 REM

Question 5

__ rad = __ Gy

Answer 5

1 rad = 0.01 Gy

Question 6

Thyroid gland - isotope risk

Answer 6

iodine

Question 7

Testes - isotope risk

Answer 7

sulfur

Question 8

Nervous system risk for radiation?

Answer 8

Low, partly because blood brain barrier does not permit charged particles (like most isotopes) to pass. And nervous tissue is radio-resistent

Question 9

Musculoskeletal system - isotope risk

Answer 9

Radium, strontium - both imitate calcium

Question 10

Circulatory System - isotope risk

Answer 10

thallium - not a chemical analog to potassium, but ionic charge similar, so can activate the Na+/K+ pump in the heart

Question 11

Lungs isotope risk

Answer 11

radon

Question 12

Gastrointestinal system - sites of isotope interaction

Answer 12

whole tract, reticuloendothelial system

Question 13

Urinary system - isotope interactions

Answer 13

kidneys and bladder pass many isotopes through out of the body

Question 14

Immune system - type of cancer

Answer 14

Leukemia

Question 15

I-131 features

Answer 15

-Beta and gamma emitter -product of fission -contaminates food -sequesters in thyroid

Question 16

Cesium-137 - affects on body

Answer 16

-product of fission -similar to K(potassium) -resides in muscle and soft tissue (distributes via water)

Question 17

T(e) = 0.693/lamda(e)

Answer 17

Effective Half life

Question 18

lamda(e)

Answer 18

elimination constant

Question 19

average organ lifetime of the isotope in the body

Answer 19

1 / lamda(e)

Question 20

Answer 20

Dose to organ

Question 21

S-35 risks

Answer 21

Concetrates in Testes

Beta emitter (pure)

Question 22

Specific Effective Energy

Answer 22

Energy concentrated per mass