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Microbiology > Units 6-7: Nonfermentative GNB And Curved GNB/Oxidase Positive Fermenters > Flashcards

Units 6-7: Nonfermentative GNB And Curved GNB/Oxidase Positive Fermenters Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 characteristics of Nonfermenters?

A
  • Oxidase testing is required

- Oxidation of sugars used for ID as opposed to fermentation of sugars

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2
Q

What is the number one isolated non-fermenter in clinical specimens?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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3
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Colony morphology

A

Blood Agar: shiny “mermaid scales” beta hemolytic

Mac-non-lactose fermenter, green pigment

Smalls like grapes or tortilla chips

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4
Q

4 pigments of pseudomonas and what causes them?

A
  1. Pyocyanin- blue green; unique to P. Aeruginosa
  2. Pyoverdin- green fluorescent
  3. Pyorubin- reddish brown
  4. Pyomelanin- brown/black

Linked to virulence factors

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5
Q

What KIA/TSI is expected with nonfermenters?

A

K/K

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6
Q

Pseudomonas fluoresens and Pseudomonas putida: colony morphology

A

Blood Agar- no distinct appearance

Produce pyoverdin

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7
Q

What is sometime found in baby formula or cosmetics?

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

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8
Q

Pseudomonas stutzeri: colony morphology

A

Blood Agar: Wrinkled, light yellow or brown

Non-fluorescent pseudomonad

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9
Q

What is the causative agent of glanders in horses?

A

Burkholderia mallei

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10
Q

What was used as a biowarfare agent in WWI?

A

Burkholderia mallei

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11
Q

Burkholderia mallei: colony morphology

A

Blood: Smooth gray translucent

Variable growth on MAC

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12
Q

Habitat and transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Habitat: soil and stagnant water in SE Asia (“rice patty infection”

Transmission: inhalation of dust and direct contact through breaks in skin

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13
Q

What is a potential bioterrorist agent?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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14
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei: colony morphology

A

Blood: round wrinkled bright orange to cream

Grows well on MAC

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15
Q

What causes foot rot?

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

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16
Q

Why can Burkholderia cepacia complex be life threatening ?

A

Intrinsic resistance to multiple anti microbial agents

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17
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex: colony morphology

A

Yellow non-fluorescing pigment

Mac: Some can be pink to red due to oxidation of lactose

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18
Q

What are the two types of selective media for Burkholderia cepacia complex?

A

PC Agar

OFPBL Agar

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19
Q

What does PC Agar do?

A

Selects for Burkholderia cepacia complex

Inhibits PSA

Colonies look bright pink to red

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20
Q

What does OFPBL Agar do?

A

Selects for Burkholderia cepacia complex

Inhibits most microorganisms

Oxidation of lactose

Not routinely used, only in hospitals with CF patients

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21
Q

What opportunistic infections are CF populations specifically at risk for?

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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22
Q

What microorganism is often a contaminant?

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

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23
Q

Alcaligenes faecalis: colony morphology

A

Blood: Greenish

Fruity green apple odor

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24
Q

Achromobacter xylosoxidans: colony morphology

A

Blood: nonpigmented

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25
What causes meningitis and septicemia in newborns?
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
26
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: colony morphology
Yellow pigment Blood: Lavender-green discoloration May produce a fruity Grow poorly on MAC
27
Which nonfermentative GNBs are DNase POS?
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica | Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia
28
Which nonfermentative GNBs have Intrinsic resistance to multiple anti microbial agents
Burkholderia cepacia complex Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia
29
Why can Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia be dangerous?
Instrinsic resistance to most commonly used antibiotics
30
Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia: reservoir
Salads Tap water colonization of hospital patients
31
Stenotrophomonas maltiophilia: colony morphology
Blood: greenish discoloration of agar - Pale yellow, avenger green - Strong ammonia smell
32
Which species is known to survive on moist/dry surfaces?
Acinetobacter species
33
How likely is acinetobacter to cause infection?
Most likely to colonize and not infect but can cause opportunistic infection
34
Acinetobacter species: Colony morphology
Blood: gray to white Smells like rotting pumpkins
35
What are the two acinetobacter species and what differentiates them on plates?
A. baumannii and A. iwoffi A. baumannii oxidizes lactose on MAC--> mauve colonies at 24-48 hours
36
Pseudomonas (Flaviomonas) oryzihabitans: colony morphology
Rough, wrinkled colonies Yellow pigment Non-fluorescent psuedomonad
37
What is the only oxidase NEG Pseudomonas?
Pseudomonas (Flaviomonas) oryzihabitans
38
Where are other Moraxella spp found?
Mucous membranes of humans and animals URT normal flora
39
Moraxella spp: colony morphology
Pinpoint | May grow slowly on MAC
40
Moraxella spp: Gram stain
Tiny plump GNCB
41
What differentiates other Moraxella species from M. catarrhalis ?
Other Moraxella spp are DNase NEG
42
What are the two Oligella species? And how to you differentiate them?
O. ureolytica - Motility, Urease, Nitrate reduction POS | O. urethralis- Motility, Urease, Nitrate reduction NEG
43
What do both Oligella species cause?
UTIs and septicemia in women
44
Vibrio cholerae: gram stain
curved GNB
45
Vibrio cholerae: colony morphology
- Grows well on BAP,MAC and CHOC - Enhanced growth w/ 1% NaCl (TBCS) - Larger, sometimes greenish hue - Yellow on TCBS (sucrose ferm)
46
Vibrio cholerae: Natural habitat and route of transmission
Water: fresh, marine, salt Contaminated food and water
47
Vibrio cholerae: Lab info
- Samples sensitive to sunlight - Doesn’t need NaCl to grow - Cary-Blair medium - TCBS agar and APW
48
Vibrio cholerae: Important reactions
Catalase pos Oxidase pos Glucose fermenters Growth on MAC Citrate POS cholerae only: string test
49
Vibrio parahemolyticus: colony morphology
- Grows well on BAP,MAC and CHOC - Enhanced growth w/ 1% NaCl (TBCS) - Larger, sometimes greenish hue - Blue/green on TCBS (sucrose neg)
50
Vibrio parahemolyticus: route of transmission
- Japan - Ingestion of raw/undercooked seafood (inc. shellfish) - Direct contact with water
51
Vibrio parahemolyticus: lab info
- Samples sensitive to sunlight - Needs NaCl to grow - Cary-Blair medium - TCBS agar and APW
52
Campylobacter jejuni: gram stain and colony morphology
- Curved GNB “s” or “v” shaped | - Gull shaped -Flat, moist, spready
53
Campylobacter jejuni: Natural habitat and route of transmission
Worldwide: domestic animals, GI tract of chicken, turkeys, cattle and pigs Ingestion of raw milk, uncooked poultry and contaminated water
54
Campylobacter jejuni: Lab info
- Thermophilic and capnophilic - harder to pin down epidemiologically - Campy CVA agar - 41-42°C, 85% N2, 10% CO2, 5% O2
55
Campylobacter jejuni: Important tests
- Oxidase pos - catalse pos - hippurate hydrolysis pos
56
Helicobacter pylori: gram stain and colony morphology
Spiral shaped GNB -Pinpoint
57
Helicobacter pylori: Natural habitat and route of transmission
Epithelial cells in stomach - Contact with contaminated saliva - fresh ground water
58
Helicobacter pylori: Lab info
- Can withstand low pH and thrive - Does not grow well in lab setting - Brucella agar -Stool ELISA (current infection)
59
Helicobacter pylori: Important tests
Oxidase pos Catalase pos Urea POS+ -Breath test or card test within 7 hours pos
60
Aeromonas hydrophila: gram stain and colony morphology
Small GNB - Grows well on MAC and BAP - Beta hem
61
Aeromonas hydrophila: Natural habitat and route of transmission
Fresh and sea water: sink traps, drains, water taps, infects cold-blooded animals -Wound infections through break in skin: water sports, caths, stents, etc
62
Aeromonas hydrophila: Important tests
DNase positive Oxidase pos Esculin Pos
63
Plesiomonas shigelloides: gram stain and colony morphology
Small GNB -Always gamma
64
Plesiomonas shigelloides: Natural habitat and route of transmission
Surface water and soil of tropical and subtropical areas, cold blooded animals - hand to mouth - Contaminated food (shellfish)
65
Plesiomonas shigelloides: Important tests
Oxidase positive | LAO all POS
66
Vibrio parahemolytic vs Vibrio cholera
V. cholera ONPG, Citrate and VP POS
67
Vibrio cholera: disease state
- “rice water” stool: No WBCs and RBCs - Cholera toxin: protein complex secreted, responsible for the watery diarrhea - Need IV fluids and antibiotics
68
Vibrio parahemolyticus: disease state
- Water/bloody diarrhea, fever headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain - 12 to 72 hours after exposure - Self clearing infection
69
Campylobacter jejuni: disease state
- Diarrhea with RBCs and WBCs, fever, cramping | - Seen 3-7 days symptoms
70
Helicobacter pylori: Disease state
-Peptic ulcershigher risk for cancer
71
Aeromonas hydrophila: Disease state
1) Cellulitis/wound infections 2) Gastroenteritis 3) Bacteremia 4) Others- endocarditis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, UTI, meningitis, otitis media
72
Plesiomonas shigelloides:
-Gastroenteritis: watery stool without RBCs and mucus; produces enterotoxin
73
Which two nonfermentors are gelatinase POS?
Pseudomonas fluorescens | Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
74
Which nonfermentors are ADH POS?
Pseudomonas (except stutzeri) and Burkholderias
75
Which nonfermentor is LDC POS?
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
76
Which nonfermentors cannot oxidase glucose or are variable?
``` Neg: Alcaligenes faecalis Acinetobacter lwoffi V: Achromobacter xylosoxidans Elizabethkingia meningoseptica ```
77
Which nonfermentors can oxidase lactose?
Burkholderia pseudomallei | Acinetobacter baumannii
78
positive for pyoverdin?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida
79
Nonmotile?
Burkholderia mallei Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Acinetobacter (both)

Microbiology (11 decks)

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