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Microbiology > Unit 12 Miscellaneous Body Sites > Flashcards

Unit 12 Miscellaneous Body Sites Flashcards

1
Q

List two of common skin contaminants seen in superficial wound specimens

A 
Diphtheroids 
Coag-negative Staph
Alpha hemolytic strep
Nonhemolytic strep
Propianibacterium spp
Bacillus spp
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2
Q

A direct gram stain is performed on all wound, tissues, and body fluids. Why? What is reported out on the direct smear on these culture types?

A

To determine the quality of the specimen. Ideally: Many PMNs and no/rare/few SECs
To compare to culture: are all organisms recovered?

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the thioglycollate broth?

A

To recover fastidious organisms or small amounts

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4
Q

Eikenella: description

A

“Frosty” colony, small thin GNB, , ox+

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5
Q

Bacillus species: description

A

Large ground glass colony, large GPB, Cat +

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6
Q

Lactobacillus: description

A

Alpha, GPB in chains, Cat =

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7
Q

Capnocytophaga: description

A

Glistening “sweaty” colony, long GNB w/ tapered ends

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8
Q

Pasterurella: description

A

Large gray, GNB, Cat+, Ox+, NG on MAC

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9
Q

Acinetobacter: description

A

Mucoid, “Mauve” NLF on MAC, GNB, Short fat GNB, Ox=

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10
Q

Actinomyces: description

A

Small gray white nondescript, sometimes molar tooth; better anaerobic; cat -, paleo GNB

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11
Q

Brucella: description

A

Tiny on BAP/CHOC at 3 days, faint staining GNC or GNCB

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12
Q

Rothia: description

A

Gray sticky nonhemolytic on BAP; GPC clusters, Cat variable

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13
Q

Listeria: description

A

Gray soft beta on BAP; GPB; Cat +

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14
Q

Propionibacterium: description

A

Pleo GPB; anaerobe that may break through on aerobic plates; Cat +, can be beta, If indole + P.acnes

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15
Q

Culture media for Wounds and abscesses

A

BAP
MAC
CHOC
PEA (extremities and sources below the diaphragm)

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16
Q

How to inocculate: order

A

Least selective–> most selective

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17
Q

Potential pathogens wound/abscess

A 
S. aureaus
Beta hemolytic strep
Group D strep
S. anginosus
Enterococcus
Enterobacteraciae
Pseudomonas/NLFs
Eikenella corridens
Pasteurella multocida
Anaerobes 
Yeasts
Actinomyces
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18
Q

Susceptibility testing on which organisms for wound/abscess ?

A 
S. aureus
Enterococcus
Enterobacteraciae
Ps. aeruginosa
Other nonfermenters
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19
Q

Wound/abscess: for alpha and gamma strep, what needs to be ruled out?

A

Group D

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20
Q

Wound/abscess: for bacillus spp, what needs to be ruled out?

A

B. anthracis

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21
Q

Wound/abscess: What 4 general groups only require limited ID as likely skin contaminants?

A

Diphtheroids
Coag-Neg staph
Viridans strep
Bacillus spp

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22
Q

What could a mixed culture indicate?

A

1) Contaminated specimen
2) Normal flora for site of collection
3) Polymicrobic infection, may be mixed aerobes+anaerobes

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23
Q

What is the rule of 3?

A

Perform ID and susceptibilities on UP TO 3 pathogens

More than 3 semi quantitate all and list descriptive ID

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24
Q

How long do we hold wound cultures?

25
Special requests (6) and how long we hold
``` Actinomyces: 5 days Nocardia: 5 days Francisella: 5 days Bartonella: 14 days Propionibacterium: 14 days Brucella: 28 days ```
26
Tissues/Bones: Culture media
``` BAP MAC CHOC PEA (extremities and sources below the diaphragm) Thioglycolate broth Direct gram stain ```
27
Tissues/Bones: What 3 general groups only require limited ID as likely skin contaminants?
Diphtheroids Viridans strep-full ID if predominant/pure Bacillus spp-Rule out B. anthracis
28
Tissues/Bones: How long do we hold plates and broth?
Plates: 3 days Thio: 5 days All isolates frozen for 2 years
29
Tissues/Bones: ID and susceptibility
``` S. aureus COAG-NEG STAPH Strep anginosus Enterococcus Enterobacteraciae Ps. aeroginosa Other nonfermenters Yeast ```
30
Body fluids: critical values
Pos gram stain | **Pos blood culture
31
Tissues/Bones: Culture media non-CSF
``` BAP MAC CHOC Thio broth (on peritoneal dialysis fluids and bone marrows only (rare) Direct gram stain-cytospin ```
32
Tissues/Bones: Culture media CSF
BAP CHOC Thio (on CSF shunt specimens only_ Direct gram stain-cytospin
33
Can we refrigerate CSF specimens?
NO
34
One organism seen per oil immersion field= ?? organisms per milliliter of specimen
10^5
35
Body fluid in a blood culture bottle?
Anticoagulant must be added Extra fluid must be submitted for gram stain
36
Non CSF body fluid contaminants
Coag-neg staph Diphtheroid bacilli Viridans strep
37
What is meningitis?
Infection in the subarachnoid space
38
Purulent
Many PMNs in CSF
39
Aseptic
Usually viral | Increase in CSF lymphocytes
40
What 3 clinical results are consistent with a bacterial infection?
In WBC Dec glucose Inc protein
41
Potential CSF pathogens: neonates/infants
S. agalactiae E. coli Listeria monocytogenes
42
Potential CSF pathogens: children
H. influenzae S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis
43
Potential CSF pathogens: young adults
N. meningitidis
44
Potential CSF pathogens: adults
S. pneumoniae | N. meningitidis
45
Potential CSF pathogens: elderly (>70)
S. pneumoniae Listeria monocytogenes GNB
46
Potential CSF pathogens: AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast)
47
Causes of septic arthritis
``` S. aureus- most common N. gonorrhoeae- most common in YA H. influenzae in young children Streptococci Anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides) ```
48
Eye culture: 3 major syndromes
Conjunctivitis Bacterial keratitis Bacterial endophthalmitis
49
Eye culture: culture media
BAP MAC CHOC Direct gram stain
50
Eye culture: specimen types
swab corneal scrapings conjunctival scraping vitreous fluid
51
Conjunctivitis potential pathogens
``` H. influenzae S. pneumo Enterobacteraciae Ps. aeruginosa S. aureus N. gonorrhoeae ```
52
Bacterial keratitis potential pathogens
``` Ps. aeruginosa Moraxella S. aureus Enterobacteraciae S. pneumo Neisseria H. influenzae Acanthamoeba spp parasite ```
53
What causes swimmers ear?
Ps. aeruginosa
54
Ear culture: potential pathogens
``` S. pneumo H. flu S. pyogenes S. aureus M. catarrhalis Enterobacteraciae Ps. aeruginosa Candida albicans ```
55
Ear culture: susceptibility
Any single isolate of a potential pathogen, predominant or pure
56
Genital cultures: potential pathogens
``` Neisseria gonorrheoeae Gardnerella vaginalis Beta strep (A and B) Listeria monocytogenes S. aureus Enterobacteraceae Candida albicans Actinomyces ```
57
Which pathogen is associated with bacterial vaginosis and how is it tested for?
Gardnerella vaginalis | Rapid test available
58
What genital pathogen is associated with IUDs?
Actinomyces

Microbiology (11 decks)

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