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Microbiology > Unit 3 Staph/Strep > Flashcards

Unit 3 Staph/Strep Flashcards

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1
Q

S. aureus: Clinical significance

A
  • Surgical wound infections
  • Skin infections and injuries
  • Nosocomial
  • TSS
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2
Q

S. aureus: Colony morphology

A

-less whitecream; yellow more pronounced on CHOC

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3
Q

S. aureus: Key tests

A

Coagulase positive
DNase positive
MSA positive (yellow)

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4
Q

S. epidermitis: Clinical significance

A
  • Most common CNS isolated from clinical specimens
  • UTIs
  • Surgical wound infections
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5
Q

S. epidermitis: Colony morphology

A

-smooth, white, opaque, can be small

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6
Q

S. saprophyticus:Clinical significance

A

Community acquired

  • UTIs in young, healthy sexually active women and elderly men
  • ANAEROBIC
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7
Q

S. saprophyticus: Colony morphology

A

-BRIGHT white

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8
Q

S. saprophyticus: Key tests

A
  • Novobiocin resistant

- Variable MSA

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9
Q

S. lugdunensis: key tests

A
  • PYR positive

- Ornithine Decarboxylate +

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10
Q

Micrococcus: Clinical significance

A
  • oral and skin flora

- Typically nonpathogenic

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11
Q

Micrococcus: Colony morphology

A

-lemon yellow

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12
Q

Micrococcus: Gram stain

A
  • loses a little of the crystal violet

- tetrads

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13
Q

Micrococcus: Key tests

A
  • Furazolidone Resistant
  • Cannot ferment glucose
  • Microdase Positive
  • Bacitracin sensitive
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14
Q

Rothia: Clinical significance

A
  • oral flora

- opportunistic infection

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15
Q

Rothia: Colony morphology

A

-gray/white, nonhemolytic and STICKY

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16
Q

Rothia: Gram stain

A

-large gpc in pairs/clusters

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17
Q

Rothia: Key tests

A

-variable catalase

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18
Q

S. pyogenes: Clinical significance

A
  • acute pharyngitis/strep throat
  • TSS
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • Some people are “carriers”
  • NEVER normal flora
  • Sequelae: Rheumatic fever acute glomerulonephritis
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19
Q

S. pyogenes: Colony morphology

A
  • typically small, beta

- throat culture

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20
Q

S. pyogenes: Key tests

A
  • Bacitracin sensitive

- PYR positive

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21
Q

S. agalactiae: Clinical significance

A
  • Normal flora of GI tract
  • GBS infection in young women, esp pregnant/post birth and neonates
  • UTI
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22
Q

S. agalactiae: Colony morphology

A
  • typically larger grey soft beta

- can be nonhemolytic

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23
Q

S. agalactiae: Key tests

A
  • CAMP test positive
  • PYR negative (looks like PYR pos Enterococcus)
  • Sodium Hippurate hydrolysis positive
  • Catalase (looks like Listeria)
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24
Q

S. pneumoniae: Clinical significance

A
  • Colonization/carriage common in children
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Pili help attach to epithelial cells
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25
Q

S. pneumoniae: Colony morphology

A

-True alpha, dimpled or mucoid

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26
Q

S. pneumoniae: Gram stain

A

-GPC in pairs/chains, lancet chained

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27
Q

S. pneumoniae: Key tests

A
  • Optochin sensitive

- Bile solubility positive

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28
Q

Viridans Streptococci: 4 subgroups

A

S. mitis group
S.mutans group
S.bovis group –
S.anginosus group –

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29
Q

Viridans Streptococci: Clinical significance

A
  • Normal flora of the oral cavity, oropharynx, GI tract & vagina
  • Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)
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30
Q

Viridans Streptococci: Colony morphology

A

-Usually alpha, can be gamma, can be dry-ish pinpoint

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31
Q

Nutritionally variant strep: 2 species

A

Abiotrophia & Granulicatella

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32
Q

Nutritionally variant strep: Clinical significance

A
  • Normal oral flora
  • CNS infections
  • Ocular infections
  • Growth requirements: thiol compounds and active form of vitamin B6
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33
Q

Nutritionally variant strep: Colony morphology and gram stain

A

-Does not grow on Blood agar
-spindly, loses crystal violet
bizarre

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34
Q

Nutritionally variant strep: Key tests

A

Staph streak pos

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35
Q

S.anginosus group: 3 species

A

Constellatus
Intermedius
Anginosus

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36
Q

S.anginosus group: Clinical significance

A
  • can cause abscesses

- Oral, brain and “shooters abscesses”

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37
Q

S.anginosus group: Colony morphology

A
  • Alpha but can be beta
  • Butterscotchy smell
  • Grows better anaerobically
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38
Q

S.anginosus group: Gram stain

A

-Tiny GPCs in pairs/chains

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39
Q

S.anginosus group: Key tests

A

-grows better anaerobically

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40
Q

Enterococcus: Clinical significance

A
  • Normal flora of GI tract and female GU tract
  • HAI, UTI sepsis etc
  • Acquired resistance to vancomycin concern for Infection Control
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41
Q

Enterococcus:Colony morphology

A

-Gray gamma or grey/white alpha

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42
Q

Enterococcus: Key tests

A
  • PYR positive
  • CATALASE negative weak/slow
  • BE and NaCl positive
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43
Q

Enterococcus: 1st and 2nd most common

A
  • E. faecalis most common

- E. faecium 2nd most common

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44
Q

Enterococcus: Which two species can acquire vancomycin resistance?

A
  • E. faecalis

- E. faecium

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45
Q

Enterococcus: Which two species have intrinsic resistance to vancomycin?

A

-E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum

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46
Q

S.bovis group: Clinical significance

A

-Sepsis associated with GI carcinoma

47
Q

S.bovis group: Colony morphology

A

-gamma or weakly alpha

48
Q

S.bovis group: Key tests

A

-BE + and NaCl -

49
Q

Aerococcus: 2 species

A

U. urinae

U. viridans

50
Q

Aerococcus: Clinical significance

A
  • Normal flora GU and URT

- UTIs especially in elderly

51
Q

Aerococcus: Colony morphology

A

-alpha hemolytic tiny

52
Q

Aerococcus: Gram stain

A

-GPC in CLUSTERS

53
Q

Aerococcus: Key test

A
  • BE- and NaCl +

- PYR/LAP, one is positive other is negative

54
Q

Pediococcus: Clinical significance

A

Opportunistic pathogen; bacteremia/abdominal infection

55
Q

Pediococcus: Colony morphology

A

-small grey alpha

56
Q

Pediococcus: Key tests

A

No ways to definitively determine

57
Q

Leuconostoc: Clinical significance

A

Opportunistic pathogen

58
Q

Leuconostoc: Colony morphology

A

-small grey alphish or gamma

59
Q

Leuconostoc: Gram stain

A

-ovoid cocci, often in chains

60
Q

Leuconostoc: Key tests

A

No ways to definitively determine

61
Q

Gemella: Colony morphology

A
  • grows better anaerobically
  • slow grower on blood
  • tiny/small grey
62
Q

Gemella: Gram stain

A

-GPC in clusters, tetrads and chains

63
Q

Gemella: Key tests

A

Difficult to ID biochemically

64
Q

Which staph and friends species has a variable/weak catalase result?

A

Rothia

65
Q

Which staph and friends species is coag positive?

A

S. aureus

66
Q

Which staph and friends species can have variable coag results?

A

S. saprophyticus

67
Q

Which staph and friends species is resistant to novobiocin?

A

S. saprophyticus

68
Q

Which staph and friends species is microdase positive?

A

Micrococcus

69
Q

Which staph and friends species is negative for glucose fermentation?

A

Micrococcus

70
Q

Which staph and friends species is susceptible to Bacitracin?

A

Micrococcus

71
Q

Which staph and friends species is resistant to Furalozidone?

A

Micrococcus

72
Q

Which staph and friends species is DNase positive?

A

S. aureus

73
Q

Which staph and friends species grows on mannitol salt agar?

A

S. aureus

S. saprophyticus is variable

74
Q

Which staph and friends species is PYR positive?

A

S. lugdunensis

75
Q

What does the latex agglutination coagulation test detect?

A

Protein A in cell wall and clumping factor

76
Q

Which staph and friends species are generally normal flora?

A

Micrococcus (oral and skin) and Rothia (oral)

77
Q

Which strep and friends species is actually in clusters on a gram stain?

A

Aerococcus

78
Q

Which strep and friends species is catalase negative but has a slow/weak reaction?

A

Enterococcus

79
Q

Which strep and friends species is susceptible to Bacitracin?

A

Group A Strep/ S. pyogenes

80
Q

Which strep and friends species is susceptible to Optochin?

A

S. pneumoniae

81
Q

Which strep and friends species is bile soluble?

A

S. pnuemoniae

82
Q

Which strep and friends species are PYR positive?

A

Group A Strep/ S. pyogenes and Enterococcus

Nutritionally Variant Strep

83
Q

Which strep and friends species is positive for both Bile Esculin and 6.5% NaCl?

A

Enterococcus

84
Q

Which strep and friends species is negative for both Bile Esculin and 6.5% NaCl?

A

Viridans Group

85
Q

Which strep and friends species is negative for Bile Esculin and positive for 6.5% NaCl?

A

Aerococcus and group B

86
Q

Which strep and friends species is positive for Bile Esculin and negative for 6.5% NaCl?

A

S. bovis/S. gallolyticus

87
Q

Which strep and friends species is CAMP test positive?

A

Group B strep/ S. agalactiae

88
Q

Which strep and friends species is confirmed with a positive Staph streak?

A

Nutritionally variant Strep

89
Q

Which staph and friends species is a known biofilm former?

A

S. epidermidis

90
Q

Which staph and friends species is the most common CNS isolated from clinical specimens?

A

S. epidermidis

91
Q

Which staph and friends species causes UTIs in young, healthy, sexually active women?

A

S. saprophyticus

92
Q

In what type of specimen would you need to rule out S. saprophyticus?

A

Urine

93
Q

Which staph and friends species prefers anaerobic conditions?

A

S. saprophyticus

94
Q

Which staph and friends species can make clumping and cause confusion on a coagulase test?

A

S. saprophyticus

95
Q

MSA agar: positive vs negative?

A

P: yellow
N: pink

96
Q

What is chromagar used for? Organism and source

A

MRSA

Nasal swabs

97
Q

Which staph and friends species can get stringy and cause confusion on a coagulase test?

A

Rothia

98
Q

Which strep and friends species is normal flora of the GI tract?

A

Group B/ S. agalactiae

99
Q

In which strep and friends species is asymptomatic carriage normal in children?

A

S. pneumoniae

100
Q

Which strep and friends species is normal flora of the oral cavity, oropharynx, GI tract and vagina?

A

Viridans Strep

101
Q

Which strep and friends species is normal flora of the GI tract and female GU tract?

A

Enterococcus

102
Q

Which strep and friends species is normal flora of the GU and URT?

A

Aerococcus

103
Q

Which strep and friends species is normal flora of the oral flora only?

A

Nutritionally variant strep

104
Q

What two tests and results confirm group A strep?

A

PYR positive

A disc susceptible

105
Q

What is a useful test to rule out Group B strep?

A

PYR negative due to the fact that it looks like Enterococcus

106
Q

Which strep and friends species is confused with Listeria and how to differentiate?

A

Nearly identical colony morphology: Group B

Listeria is catalase positive
GPB
Reverse CAMP pos
Hippurate pos

107
Q

Which strep and friends species is lancet shaped?

A

S. pneumoniae

108
Q

What test is useful for speciating Aerococcus?

A

LAP

109
Q

Which strep and friends species grow better anaerobically?

A

S. anginosus and Gemella

110
Q

When would you suspect NVS?

A

Does not grow on Blood, but does grow on chocolate

Bizarre gram stain

111
Q

Which strep and friends species are vancomycin resistant other than the VRE?

A

Pediococcus and Leuconostoc

112
Q

What type of specimen require us to rule out Group A strep?

A

Throat swab/respiratory

113
Q

When would a gram stain not be needed for S. pneumoniae?

A

Respiratory alphas

Microbiology (11 decks)

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