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Microbiology > Unit 9: Anaerobes > Flashcards

Unit 9: Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two primary groups of anaerobic GPCs?

A

Peptostreptococcus

Anaerococcus

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2
Q

What do P. anaerobius and B. dentium have in common and how would you differentiate them?

A

Both indole and Nitrate reduction NEG

P. anaerobius is SPS disc SS

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3
Q

What is the 2nd most common group of anaerobes ?

A

GPCs

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4
Q

How would you treat P. anaerobius?

A

Treated with penicillin G and cephalosporins

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5
Q

Habitat of Veillonella?

A

-Normal flora of mouth and gut

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6
Q

What would you do if the Vancomycin disk is sensitive but you had a gram stain with GNC?

A

Redo gram stain, you probably overdecolorized

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7
Q

What is a common cause of blood culture contamination?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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8
Q

Propionibacterium acnes: habitat

A

-Normal skin flora

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9
Q

What result would give a presumptive ID of Propionibacterium acnes?

A

A GPB that is Indole POS

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10
Q

Why would you perform a Nitrate test on presumptive P. acnes?

A

To rule out C. diff. P. acnes is POS

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11
Q

Eubacterium lentum: habitat

A

Normal flora of intestinal tract

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12
Q

What are significant test results for Eubacterium lentum? What does it need to be differentiated from and how?

A
  • POS catalase so Differentiate from Propionibacterium w/ gram stain; E. lentum=small GPB and P. acnes is pleiomorphic
  • Colistin R
  • Very little biochemical activity
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13
Q

What genus produces sulfur granules?

A

Actinomyces

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14
Q

What is the main issue caused by Actinomyces species in general?

A

problems with IUDs

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15
Q

Actinomyces israelii: habitat

A

Normal flora of mouth

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16
Q

Are Actinomyces species generally Nitrate production pos or neg?

A

POS

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17
Q

Which Actinomyces is Nitrate NEG?

A

A. meyeri

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18
Q

How would you differentiate A. Israelii and A. naeslundii? And why is it necessary?

A

Both are Nitrate POS Actinomyces species and A. Israelii is always able to hydrolyze esculin while A. naeslundii is variable.

A.naeslundii is urease POS

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19
Q

How would you differentiate A. vicosus and A. naeslundii? And why is it necessary?

A

Both are Nitrate POS Actinomyces species that are urease POS

A. vicosus is catalase POS

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20
Q

A nitrate POS and catalase NEG anaerobic GPB: What are the possibilities and how to you differentiate?

A

A. israelii- can hydrolyze esculin
A.naeslundii-Urease POS
A.odontolyticus-neither

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21
Q

What is the only Actinomyces that is catalase POS?

A

A. vicosus

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22
Q

A nitrate POS and catalase POS anaerobic GPB: What are the possibilities and how to you differentiate?

A

P.acnes- pleomorphic
E. lentum- small GPB
A. vicosus- Urease POS

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23
Q

What are the 5 Actinomyces species we care about?

A 
A. israelii
A.naeslundii
A.odontolyticus
A.vicosus
A. meyeri
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24
Q

A nitrate NEG and catalase NEG anaerobic GPB: What are the possibilities and how to you differentiate?

A

A. meyeri

B. dentium- Can hydrolyze esculin

25
B. dentium: habitat
normal flora of mouth, GI and stool
26
anaerobic GPB: -Aerotolerant and Microaerophilic
A.odontolyticus B. dentium Lactobacillus spp
27
anaerobic GPB: Aerotolerant NOT Microaerophilic
A.vicosus | A.naeslundii
28
How can you presumptively ID Lactobacillus?
GPB in chains | Catalase NEG
29
What is special about catalase used for anaerobes?
It is 15% instead of 3%
30
How can you ID Bacteroides fragilis group?
- Anaerobic GNB - Resistent to bile, colistin, vancomycin AND kanamycin - Hydrolyzed esculin
31
Name and differentiate the species of the Bacteroides fragilis group
``` Indole POS, catalase POS= -B. ovatus -B. thetaiotaomicron Indole NEG, catalase NEG= -B. vulgatus Indole POS, catalase NEG= -B. uniformis Indole NEG, catalase POS -B. fragilis -B. distasonis ```
32
How would you presumptively ID Prevotella and Porphyromonas and what you you report?
- Brick red under UV light after at east 3 days | - Pigmented Porphyromonas
33
What differentiates Prevotella and Porphyromonas?
Porphyromonas is asaccharolytic- but difficult to determine which is which
34
Which GNB pits the agar?
Bacteroides urealyticus
35
What is the only anaerobic GNB that can grow in 20% bile? Plus another 2
B. fragilis group also F. mortiferum and F. varium
36
Which anaerobic GNB is nitrate POS and urease POS?
B. urealyticus
37
Which two vancomycin (only) resistant GNBs are indole POS and how do you differentiate them?
F. nucleatum | F.necrophorum- Lipase POS, causes greening of agar
38
What do all the Fusobacterium species have in common?
All are vancomycin resistant ONLY
39
Which is associated with ulcerative colitis?
F. varium
40
Which two Fusobacterium species can hydrolyze esculin?
F. mortiferum | F. varium
41
What does C.perfringens cause?
- Food poisoning (endotoxin) - Self limiting -Gas gangrene (rapid invasion and necrosis)
42
Clostridium species: habitat
- Widespread in nature - Normal flora in GI tract: humans and animals - Specifically: female genital tract and oral mucosa
43
How can you tell a GPB with spores is C.perfringens?
- Double zone of Beta hemolysis - resistant to colistin - Lecithinase, reverse CAMP and Nagler test POS
44
How can you tell a GPB with spores is C.septicum?
- Hydrolyzes esculin | - Medusa head like colony/swarms
45
What does C, septicum cause? What is it associated with?
- Septicemia | - Associated with malignancies
46
What does C. difficile cause if untreated?
Pseudomembranous colitis
47
C. difficile: two toxins
Toxin A-enterotoxin; produced in intestines | Toxin B-cytotoxin
48
C. difficile: habitat
Prevalent in soil
49
What does C. difficile cause (no matter what)?
Antibiotic associated diarrhea
50
How can we identify C. difficile?
- Grows on CCFA agar | - Rapid EIA
51
C.botulinum: 3 types
- Food borne - Infant botulism (Most common; breastmilk; honey) - Wound botulism
52
Specimen types for C.botulinum (4)
- Serum - Stool - Gastric aspirates - Vomit
53
C.botulinum: What type of spores
subterminal
54
How do we identify C.botulinum?
serological
55
What toxin is associated with C. tetani? How does it work?
Nerotoxin-tetanospasmin - blocks inhibitory impulses of the CNS
56
C. tetani: What type of spores
Terminal
57
What clostridium is Lecithinase and lipase NEG?
C. tetani
58
How to not confuse Bacillus spp with Aerotolerant clostridium?
Bacillus is Catalase POS and grows better/forms spores aerobically
59
What is the better antimicrobial susceptibility testing if you can't use commercial ID?
Microtube broth dilution method

Microbiology (11 decks)

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