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PNS Final > Unit VIII - Ear Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Unit VIII - Ear Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryologic structure of ectodermal thickening on the lateral “head” that gives rise to the ears?

A

Placode

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2
Q

What is the pathway of the embryological formation of the ear?

A

Placode –> auditory pit –> auditory vesicle –> most of membranous inner ear

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3
Q

What structures of the ear are derived from the first pharyngeal pouch?

A

Auditory tube and tympanic cavity

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4
Q

From where is the malleus derived?

A

Dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage

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5
Q

From where does the incus arise?

A

Dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch

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6
Q

What ear structure is derived from the dorsal end of the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Stapes

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7
Q

From where does the tympanic membrane develop?

A

Interstitial mesoderm

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8
Q

From where does the external acoustic canal develop?

A

First pharyngeal groove

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9
Q

From where does the auricle develop?

A

A groove next to the first pharyngeal groove

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10
Q

What are the three portions of the ear?

A

External, middle, and inner

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11
Q

What is another name for the auricle?

A

Pinna

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12
Q

What tissue makes up the auricle?

A

Cartilage

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13
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Funnel sound waves into the external acoustic meatus

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14
Q

What are the three extrinsic ear muscles that position the auricle?

A

Anterior, superior, and posterior auricular muscles

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15
Q

Which auricular muscle inserts on the front of the helix?

A

Anterior auricular muscle

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16
Q

Which auricular muscle is the largest?

A

Superior auricular muscle

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17
Q

Where does the superior auricular muscle insert?

A

On superior side of auricle

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18
Q

What is the smallest auricular muscle?

A

Anterior auricular muscle

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19
Q

Where does the posterior auricular muscle insert?

A

Lower, posterior aspect of concha

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20
Q

What are the intrinsic ear muscles?

A

Helicis major and minor, tragicus, antitragicus, transverse muscles of the auricle, oblique muscles of the auricle

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21
Q

About how long is the external acoustic meatus?

A

1 inch

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22
Q

What shape is the external acoustic meatus?

A

S-shaped

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23
Q

What part of the external acoustic meatus is within a bone? Which bone?

A

Medial 2/3; temporal bone

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24
Q

What covers the entire length of the external acoustic meatus?

A

Skin with modified sweat glands

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25
Q

What do the modified sweat glands of the external acoustic meatus produce?

A

Cerumen

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26
Q

Where does the external acoustic meatus terminate?

A

Tympanic membrane

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27
Q

What motion makes otoscopic examination possible even though the length of the external acoustic meatus is not straight?

A

Gently pulling out, down, and forward on the lobule

28
Q

What makes up the blood supply to the external ear?

A

Posterior auricular branch of external carotid artery
Anterior auricular branch of superficial temporal artery
Auricular branch from the occipital artery

29
Q

What makes up the sensory supply to the external ear?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve of the mandibular division of trigeminal
Auricular branch of vagus
Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)

30
Q

What makes up the motor supply to the external ear?

A

Temporal and posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve

31
Q

Where does sympathetic supply to the external ear come from?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

32
Q

The middle ear is between what structures?

A

Tympanic membrane and inner ear

33
Q

What are the two parts of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess

34
Q

What are the three small bones found in the middle ear?

A

Stapes, malleus, and incus

35
Q

What two muscles are located in the tympanic cavity?

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

36
Q

What is the smallest muscle in the body?

A

Stapedius

37
Q

What forms the roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

38
Q

What forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear?

A

Thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein

39
Q

The small opening in the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear serves what purpose?

A

Entrance for the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

40
Q

What forms the lateral/membranous wall of the middle ear?

A

Almost entirely by tympanic membrane (slight bony part adjacent to epitympanic recess)

41
Q

What wall of the middle ear is incomplete?

A

Posterior/mastoid wall

42
Q

What is the opening between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells?

A

Aditus of the mastoid antrum (in the posterior/mastoid wall)

43
Q

What is the opening that the tendon of the stapedius muscle passes through and where is it located?

A

Pyramidal eminence; posterior/mastoid wall of middle ear

44
Q

Where do we find the opening for the chorda tympani?

A

Posterior/mastoid wall of middle ear

45
Q

The carotid wall of the middle ear separates the cavity from what vessel?

A

Internal carotid artery

46
Q

What are the openings found in the carotid wall of the middle ear?

A

Large opening for pharyngotympanic tube
Opening for tensor tympani
Small exit for chorda tympani

47
Q

Where does the chorda tympani enter and exit in the middle ear?

A

Enter - posterior/mastoid wall

Exit - carotid wall

48
Q

What is the boundary between the middle ear and the inner ear?

A

Labyrinthine/medial wall

49
Q

What is the impression made by the cochlea in the labyrinthine?

A

Promontory

50
Q

What covers the promontory of the labyrinthine, and what makes it up?

A

Tympanic plexus; tympanic branch of C.N. IX, branches from the internal carotid plexus

51
Q

What does the tympanic plexus that covers the promontory supply?

A

Mucous membranes of middle ear, mastoid area, and pharyngotympanic tube

52
Q

Which nerve leaves the tympanic plexus and travels to the otic ganglion?

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

53
Q

What bone attaches to the oval window on the medial wall of the inner ear?

A

Stapes

54
Q

Where are the oval and round windows located?

A

Labyrinthine/medial wall

55
Q

The prominence of the facial canal is an impression of bone that is formed by a canal conducting what nerve?

A

Facial nerve

56
Q

In what wall does the lateral semicircular canal form a small impression?

A

Medial wall (labyrinthine)

57
Q

Where are the ossicles located specifically?

A

Tympanic cavity

58
Q

What is the largest auditory ossicle?

A

Malleus

59
Q

What does the malleus contact?

A

Tympanic membrane

60
Q

What is the function of the incus?

A

Transmit vibrations from malleus to stapes

61
Q

Where does the base of the stapes sit?

A

Against oval window

62
Q

What makes up the blood supply to the middle ear?

A

Anterior tympanic branch of internal maxillary artery

Tympanic branch of internal carotid artery

63
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the middle ear?

A

Tympanic nerve of C.N. IX

64
Q

What is the motor supply to the middle ear?

A

Nerve to the stapedius of the facial nerve

Medial pterygoid nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal

65
Q

What muscle does the medial pterygoid nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

Tensor tympani

66
Q

What makes up the sympathetic supply of the middle ear?

A

Caroticotympanic nerves carry vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from superior cervical ganglion by way of internal carotid plexus

PNS Final (8 decks)

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