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PNS Final > Unit VII - More Sympathetics > Flashcards

Unit VII - More Sympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

The internal carotid nerve enters the cranial cavity with what vessel?

A

Internal carotid artery

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2
Q

What plexus is formed by the lateral internal carotid nerve?

A

Internal carotid plexus

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3
Q

What are the important connections made with the lateral carotid nerve and the internal carotid plexus?

A

Trigeminal ganglion, abducens nerve, formation of nerve of the pterygoid canal, formation of tympanic plexus

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4
Q

What is the association between the lateral internal carotid nerve and the trigeminal nerve?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers can reach any structure within the field of distribution of the trigeminal nerves thanks to the connection with the trigeminal ganglion

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the connection between the internal carotid nerve and the abducens nerves?

A

Supply blood vessels in the lateral rectus

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6
Q

What is the connection between the internal carotid nerves and the lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands?

A

Postganglionic fibers form the deep petrosal nerve which combines with greater petrosal nerve to form nerve to pterygoid canal to reach those glands

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7
Q

What is the association between the internal carotid nerve and the tympanic plexus?

A

Caroticotympanic nerves combine with tympanic branch of C.N. IX to form tympanic plexus to supply glands and bold vessels of middle ear

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8
Q

What plexus is formed by the medial internal carotid nerve?

A

Cavernous plexus

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9
Q

Where is the cavernous plexus located?

A

Within the cavernous sinus, alongside the sella turcica

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10
Q

Fibers from the medial internal carotid nerve travel through the ciliary ganglion to supply what structures?

A

Ciliaris and dilator pupillae muscles, some tarsus muscles of the upper eyelid

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11
Q

Other branches to what nerves reach blood vessels associated with muscles supplied by the medial internal carotid nerve?

A

Oculomotor nerves

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12
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve communicates with which cranial nerve to supply blood vessels in the superior oblique muscle?

A

Trochlear

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13
Q

Branches from the medial internal carotid nerve to what nerve and division supply arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in its field of distribution?

A

Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

The pituitary gland receives fibers from which nerve: lateral or medial internal carotid nerve?

A

Medial internal carotid nerve

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15
Q

Branches accompanying the inferior thyroid artery to supply the thyroid gland are from which cervical ganglion?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

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16
Q

Branches from the inferior cervical/stellate ganglion reach the subclavian artery to reach the upper extremities via what arteries?

A

Axillary and brachial arteries

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17
Q

Which branches of the cervical sympathetic trunk travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Laryngopharyngeal branches and cardiac branches

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18
Q

Laryngopharyngeal branches are from which cervical sympathetic ganglion?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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19
Q

What do the laryngopharyngeal branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk help form?

A

Pharyngeal plexus (along with fibers from glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and laryngeal plexus)

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20
Q

Cardiac branches come from which cervical ganglia?

A

All of them

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21
Q

The cardiac branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk accompany branches of which cranial nerve through the cardiac plexus and to which final destination?

A

Vagus nerve; sinoatrial node

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22
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation involving the cardiac branches of the cervical sympathetic trunk?

A

Increased heart rate and dilation of coronary arteries

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23
Q

What is supplied by each gray ramus communicans of the thoracic sympathetic trunk?

A

Arrector pili, sweat glands, blood vessels within each thoracic nerve distribution

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24
Q

Thoracic ganglia 1-5 send postganglionic fibers to which important vessel?

A

Thoracic aorta

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25
Q

Do the cardiac branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk (T2-T4) contain afferents?

A

Yes

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26
Q

What is the supply of the pulmonary branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk (T2-T4) as they travel through the pulmonary plexus?

A

Pleura, smooth muscle, blood vessels of lungs, bronchial glands

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27
Q

What sympathetic branches could be responsible for some of the issues seen with asthmatics?

A

Pulmonary branches (T2-T4) due to their effect on smooth muscle

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28
Q

What structures are supplied by the greater splanchnic nerve above the diaphragm?

A

Esophagus and thoracic aorta

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29
Q

Through what plexuses does the greater splanchnic nerve reach much of the abdominal viscera?

A

Gastric, hepatic, superior mesenteric plexuses via the celiac plexus

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30
Q

What is supplied by the lesser splanchnic nerve that is NOT supplied by the greater splanchnic nerve?

A

Suprarenal glands

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31
Q

How does the least splanchnic nerve reach the kidneys?

A

Via renal plexus

32
Q

What do the gray rami communicans of the lumbar nerves supply?

A

Arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution of each lumbar nerve

33
Q

What are the branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk that accompany blood vessels?

A

Vascular branches that follow lumbar arteries back to abdominal aorta then follow abdominal aorta as far as the median sacral artery and common iliac arteries

34
Q

What branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunks travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via superior and inferior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses

35
Q

What branches of the pelvic sympathetic trunk accompany nerves?

A

Gray ramus communicans seen at all sacrococcygeal levels that supply arrector pili, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the nerves’ fields of distribution

36
Q

What branches from the pelvic sympathetic trunk accompany blood vessels?

A

Vascular branches that follow median sacral artery

37
Q

What branches from the pelvic sympathetic trunks travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Sacral (NOT pelvic) splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via inferior mesenteric plexus (to ureters and rectum)

38
Q

The autonomic plexuses are primarily concerned with supply of what kind of structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Visceral

39
Q

What types of fibers can be seen in the autonomic plexuses?

A

Preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetics AND sympathetics along with somatic and visceral afferents

40
Q

What is the main contribution to the esphageal plexus?

A

Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves

41
Q

Where do the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves synapse in the esophageal plexus?

A

On postganglionic cells in the wall of the esophagus

42
Q

What is the sympathetic contribution of the esophageal plexus?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves (from T5-T9 or T10 ganglia)

43
Q

Fibers found in the thoracic aortic plexus came from which locations?

A

Vagus nerve, greater splanchnic nerve, T1-T5 sympathetic ganglia

44
Q

What kinds of fibers are carried in the vagus nerve’s contribution to the thoracic aortic plexus?

A

Sensory and visceral afferent

45
Q

What kinds of fibers are carried in the greater splanchnic nerve’s contribution to the thoracic aortic plexus?

A

Sympathetic

46
Q

What kinds of fibers are carried in the T1-T5 sympathetic ganglia contribution to the thoracic aortic plexus?

A

Vascular

47
Q

What type of fibers are the primary component of the pulmonary plexus: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q

How do parasympathetics reach the pulmonary plexus?

A

Via anterior and posterior bronchial branches of the vagus nerve

49
Q

Where do preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the pulmonary plexus?

A

In the wall of bronchial vessels

50
Q

What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the bronchi and small vessels?

A

Constriction (also increased secretion of local glands)

51
Q

Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus arise from which ganglia?

A

T2-T4

52
Q

What do the sympathetic fibers of the pulmonary plexus supply?

A

Pleura, bronchial glands, musculature

53
Q

What is supplied by the cardiac plexus?

A

Myocardium, great vessels at the base of the heart, coronary arteries

54
Q

Parasympathetic information arrives at the cardiac plexus via what nerves?

A

Superior and inferior cardiac nerves (branches of the vagus)

55
Q

What is the parasympathetic influence on the heart?

A

Decreased heart rate and constriction of the coronary arteries

56
Q

Sympathetic fibers arrive to the cardiac plexus via what nerves?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior cardiac nerves and from the T2-T4 sympathetic ganglia

57
Q

What is the sympathetic influence on the heart?

A

Increased heart rate and dilation of coronary vessels

58
Q

What is the largest prevertebral plexus?

A

Celiac plexus

59
Q

Where does the celiac plexus begin?

A

L1 vertebra level

60
Q

The celiac plexus forms a network around what vessels?

A

Abdominal aorta and its vessels down to the common iliac and median sacral arteries

61
Q

What pairs of well-defined ganglia are associated with the celiac plexus?

A

Celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, aorticorenal ganglia

62
Q

Where are the celiac ganglia located?

A

Adjacent to the celiac artery

63
Q

Which artery is associated with the superior mesenteric ganglia?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

64
Q

Where are the aorticorenal ganglia located?

A

Near the renal arteries

65
Q

What are the secondary plexuses associated with the celiac plexus?

A

Phrenic, left gastric, hepatic, splenic, and superior mesenteric, suprarenal, renal, gonadal, abdominal aorta, inferior mesenteric, superior hypogastric, inferior hypogastric plexuses

66
Q

What are the secondary plexuses of the celiac plexuses named after?

A

The arteries associated with each one

67
Q

What artery is associated with the phrenic plexus?

A

Inferior phrenic artery

68
Q

What artery is associated with the suprarenal plexus?

A

Middle suprarenal artery

69
Q

What is the location of the superior hypogastric plexus?

A

Between L4 and S1 vertebral levels

70
Q

What plexuses are included in the superior hypogastric plexus?

A

Abdominal aortic and inferior mesenteric plexuses

71
Q

What is included in the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

Celiac plexus below the internal iliac artery

72
Q

What is the second largest prevertebral plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

73
Q

What secondary plexuses are associated with the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

Vesicle, prostatic or uterine/vaginal, rectal, cavernous

74
Q

What type of input initiates defecation and micturition: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

75
Q

How is the stretch response of the bladder or rectum initiated?

A

Visceral afferents that are sensitive to the walls stretching

76
Q

During defecation and/or micturition, efferent response travels out of which nerves to the detrusor muscle and/or rectal musculature?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

77
Q

What is the activity of the external anal sphincter and external urethral sphincter muscles during defecation/micturition?

A

Relaxation

PNS Final (8 decks)

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