Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNS Final > Unit VII - Visceral Afferents & Parasympathetics > Flashcards

Unit VII - Visceral Afferents & Parasympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

Which is generally considered cholinergic: sympathetics or parasympathetics?

A

Parasympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which is generally considered adrenergic: sympathetics or parasympathetics?

A

Sympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the cell bodies located in the visceral afferent system?

A

In posterior root ganglia or relevant cranial nerve ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do sympathetic afferents travel?

A

Through sympathetic trunk and to spinal ganglia by passing through white ramus communicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do parasympathetic afferents travel?

A

In sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in what cranial nerves?

A

Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves (3, 7, 9, and 10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are carried in what sacral spinal nerves?

A

2, 3, and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers generally synapse?

A

On postganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the effect of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers on cardiac output?

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the effect of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers on the bronchial tree?

A

Constricts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the effect of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers on the pupils?

A

Constricts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the effect of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers on peristalsis?

A

Stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerves III, VII, and IX supply?

A

Structures in the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerve X supply?

A

Cardiac, respiratory, and digestive structures in the neck, thorax, and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers of sacral spinal nerves 2, 3, and 4 supply?

A

Distal parts of the digestive system and urogenital systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which fibers have more variability in the amount of neurotransmitters available for use: pre or postganglionic?

A

Postganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dendrites of visceral afferent neurons carry impulses from viscera via what structures?

A

Via autonomic ganglia, plexus, or even somatic nerves (without synapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Axons of visceral afferent nerves enter the CNS through what structures?

A

Posterior root or specific spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Visceral afferent neurons are associated with receptors that are sensitive to what kinds of things?

A

Pressure, chemical concentrations, and muscle stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kinds of parasympathetic fibers are associated with cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 and S2-4?

A

Preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What neurotransmitter is most commonly used by the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 along with S2-4?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies located for cranial nerve III?

A

Accessory oculomotor nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerve III synapse?

A

Ciliary ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the location of the accessory oculomotor nucleus?

A

Periacqueductal gray - midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Postganglionic fibers of cranial nerve III are carried in what nerves?

A

Short ciliary nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What muscles are supplied by the postganglionic fibers of cranial nerve III?

A

Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the action of the ciliary muscle?

A

Increase convexity of the lens to enable focus on closer objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the action of the sphincter pupillae muscle?

A

Constriction of the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where are preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the facial nerve located?

A

Superior part of salivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve exit the CNS via what nerve?

A

Intermediate nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from cranial nerve VII are carried in what two branches of the facial nerve?

A

Greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The greater petrosal nerve leaves the facial nerve at what ganglion?

A

Geniculate ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The greater petrosal nerve re-enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through what opening?

A

Foramen lacerum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The greater petrosal nerve travels in the pterygoid canal and ultimately joins with what ganglion?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve are distributed in what nerves?

A

Lacrimal and pterygopalatine nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are supplied by the postganglionic parasympathetic facial nerve fibers from the greater petrosal nerve?

A

Lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and pharyngeal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani travel through what area in the CNS?

A

Tympanic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani leave the temporal bone through what opening?

A

Pterygotympanic fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

After leaving the temporal bone, the chorda tympani combines with what nerve?

A

Lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The preganglionic fibers of the lingual nerve after its joining with the chorda tympani reach what ganglion?

A

Submandibular ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Postganglionic fibers from the chorda tympani travel to what areas?

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What other areas also receive parasympathetic information from the submandibular gland?

A

Glands found in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and lingual glands on the anterior part of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Where are preganglionic cell bodies located of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Inferior part of the salivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve are carried in what nerve?

A

Tympanic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where does the tympanic nerve come off of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Inferior ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the tympanic nerve are carried through what opening into the tympanic cavity?

A

Tympanic canaliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

In the tympanic cavity, the tympanic nerve receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from what location and what is then formed?

A

Superior cervical ganglion; tympanic plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic nerve travel through the tympanic plexus and reform as what nerve?

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve travels through the lesser petrosal canal to synapse where?

A

Otic ganglion

50
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion (cranial nerve IX) are carried to what locations?

A

Parotid and posterior lingual glands

51
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the parotid gland via what nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

52
Q

The posterior lingual glands receive parasympathetic fibers through what nerve?

A

Lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

53
Q

What are some examples of visceral afferent information carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Special sensory (taste), afferents in the branch of the carotid sinus from baroreceptors in the carotid sinus, chemoreceptors in the carotid body

54
Q

What is the preganglionic cell body location of the vagus nerve?

A

Posterior (dorsal) nucleus of the vagus

55
Q

What is the postganglionic cell body location of the vagus nerve?

A

In the organs supplied or blood vessels that supply the organs (myocardium, submucosal plexus, myenteric plexus)

56
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve are carried in what nerves to the heart?

A

Superior and inferior cardiac nerves

57
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve synapse in the pathway to the heart?

A

In the cardiac plexus at the base of the heart and wall

58
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve to the heart are carried to what locations?

A

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle to reach subendocardial branches (Pukinje fibers)

59
Q

What effect do parasympathetic inpulses of the vagus nerve have on the heart?

A

Inhibit myocardium and constrict the coronary arteries

60
Q

Preganglionic vagal fibers are carried in what branches to the lungs?

A

Anterior and posterior bronchial branches

61
Q

Where do preganglionic vagal fibers synapse in the pathway to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary plexuses surrounding the bronchial tree

62
Q

Postganglionic vagal fibers reach what areas in the pathway to the lungs?

A

Bronchial musculature and bronchial glands

63
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic vagal impulses on the lungs?

A

Constriction of bronchial tree and increased secretions of bronchial glands

64
Q

What respiratory condition is to be considered when analyzing the parasympathetic effects on the lungs?

A

Asthma

65
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the esophagus in what nerves?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves as well as the anterior and posterior esophageal branches

66
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers traveling to the esophagus synapse?

A

Wall of esophagus

67
Q

What do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers supply in the pathway to the esophagus?

A

Esophageal smooth muscle fibers

68
Q

What supplies the upper 1/3 of the esophagus that is composed of skeletal muscle and is voluntary?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

69
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the stomach via what nerves?

A

Branches from both the anterior (about 4 branches) and posterior (about 6 branches) vagal trunks

70
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers synapse in the stomach?

A

Submucosal (Meissner’s) and myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexuses in the wall of the stomach

71
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach what areas of the stomach?

A

Smooth muscle fibers of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses

72
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach the small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending and descending transverse colon via what nerve?

A

Posterior vagal trunk

73
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach the duodenum by what specific structure?

A

Celiac plexus

74
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach their destinations of the lower GI tract via what nerves and structures?

A

Traveling through the celiac plexus and continuing through the superior mesenteric plexus

75
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers synapse in the lower GI tract?

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexuses

76
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach what locations of the lower GI tract?

A

Smooth muscle

77
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic vagal stimulation of the GI tract?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle and secretomotor for intestinal glands

78
Q

What is the importance of visceral afferents of the vermiform appendix?

A

Nociception

79
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree via what structures?

A

Hepatic branch of the right vagal trunk (hepatic plexus)

80
Q

The hepatic plexus is an extension of what?

A

Celiac plexus

81
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers synapse in the gall bladder, pancreas and biliary tree?

A

Muscular walls of gall bladder and biliary tree, glandular tissue of the pancreas

82
Q

The postganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers of the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree reach what locations?

A

Smooth muscles fibers or glands of their intended target

83
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of the gall bladder, pancreas, and biliary tree?

A

Increases smooth muscle activity in the gall bladder and biliary vessels, secretomotor for the pancreatic glands

84
Q

How do preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach the spleen?

A

Posterior vagal trunk via splenic plexus

85
Q

What is the splenic plexus an extension of?

A

Celiac plexus

86
Q

How do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the kidneys?

A

Renal plexus from posterior vagus

87
Q

Any fibers reaching the kidneys via parasympathetic pathways are likely to be what type of fibers and why?

A

Visceral afferents because the motor supply to the kidney is strictly sympathetic

88
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers to the liver are primarily from what structure?

A

Anterior vagal trunk (some coming from posterior)

89
Q

How do preganglionic parasympathetic vagal fibers reach the liver?

A

Via hepatic plexus

90
Q

Parasympathetic supply to what organs is likely to be primarily afferent?

A

Kidneys, liver, suprarenal glands

91
Q

Parasympathetic vagal fibers are carried in what structure to the suprarenal glands?

A

Posterior vagal trunk

92
Q

Which sacral nerves make up the sacral parasympathetic pathways?

A

S2, S3, and S4

93
Q

From where in the spinal cord do sacral parasympathetic pathways arise?

A

Lateral horns of S2-4

94
Q

S2-S4 are carried inferior in what structure?

A

Cauda equina

95
Q

S2-S4 exit what osseous openings?

A

Anterior sacral foramina

96
Q

S2-S4 are carried in what nerves?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

97
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves travel to what plexus to be distributed to organs?

A

Inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

98
Q

The inferior hypogastric plexus is a network of ganglia and nerves covering what organs?

A

Rectum, internal genitalia, and base of the urinary bladder

99
Q

How do sacral parasympathetic fibers reach the distal part of the digestive tract?

A

Through the inferior hypogastric plexus to the superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses

100
Q

How do sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel the distal colon?

A

Through inferior hypogastric plexus to the superior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexuses by way of the “hypogastric nerve”

101
Q

How do sacral postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the distal colon?

A

From inferior mesenteric

102
Q

How do sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the rectum and anus?

A

Head to inferior hypogastric plexus

103
Q

How do sacral postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the target of the rectum and anus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

104
Q

How do sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the urinary bladder?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

105
Q

How do sacral postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the urinary bladder?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

106
Q

What is technically the official target of the sacral postganglionic parasympathetic fibers when reaching the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

107
Q

What kind of neural stimulation initiates the emptying of the bladder: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

108
Q

What part of the urinary pathway possesses somatic supply?

A

External urethral sphincter

109
Q

When are the neurons involved with the somatic supply to the external urethral sphincter inhibited?

A

As the bladder empties

110
Q

How do sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel to the prostate gland and seminal vesicle?

A

Prostatic plexus via inferior hypogastric plexus

111
Q

What structures do sacral postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach in the pathway to the prostate gland and seminal vesicle?

A

Smooth muscles of prostatic urethra and seminal vesicle

112
Q

How do sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the uterus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

113
Q

Where are sacral postganglionic parasympathetic fibers distributed in the uterus?

A

Throughout myometrium

114
Q

Which plays a larger role in the uterus, especially during pregnancy: parasympathetic stimulation or hormonal factors?

A

Hormonal factors (example = oxytocin)

115
Q

What kind of neural stimulation inhibits the muscles of the uterus: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

116
Q

What is the pathway to the vagina for sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

A

Synapse in vaginal plexus via inferior hypogastric plexus

117
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the vagina?

A

Vasodilation and increased secretory activity at the target

118
Q

Sacral parasympathetic fibers reaching the inferior part of the vagina may reach their target via what nerve?

A

Pudendal nerve

119
Q

What is the pathway of sacral preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the penis/clitoris?

A

Cavernous plexus via inferior hypogastric plexus

120
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic activity on the penis/clitoris?

A

Vasodilation and filling of the sinuses of erectile tissue

PNS Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions