Unit VI - Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 1

how much a person’s characteristics are formed by either “nature” or “nurture”

Question 2

Stability vs Change

Answer 2

many characteristics are present in early childhood

Question 3

Continuity vs Stages

Answer 3

development or changes are either gradual or in stages

Question 4

Correct Order of Fetus, Zygote, Embryo

Answer 4

Zygote, Embryo, Fetus

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

substances that damage the process of fetal development

ex. alcohol and drugs

Question 6

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 6

birth defects that can occur in a person who was exposed to alcohol in the womb

Question 7

Rooting

Answer 7

an automatic response of the head due to stimulation of face, mouth, or check by touching/stroking

Question 8

Sucking

Answer 8

an automatic response of a newborn

Question 9

Grasping

Answer 9

an infant clinging to a hand

Question 10

Puberty

Answer 10

time of life when a child experiences physical and hormonal changes transitioning them into adulthood

Question 11

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 11

directly involved in reproduction

Question 12

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Answer 12

features not directly involved with reproduction

Question 13

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 13

use of senses and motor abilities to learn about the world/interact with objects

0-2 years

Question 14

Object Permanence

Answer 14

aware that objects are still there when not seen

Question 15

Preoperational Stage

Answer 15

learning language to explore the world, but aren’t capable of logical thought

2-7 years

Question 16

Egocentrism

Answer 16

self-centered

Question 17

Concrete Operations Stage

Answer 17

become capable of logical thought

7-11 years

Question 18

Conservation

Answer 18

knowing that an object doesn’t change if it’s altered

Question 19

Formal Operations Stage

Answer 19

becomes capable of abstract thinking

adolescence - adulthood

Question 20

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Answer 20

difference between what a child can do and what the child can do with help from a teacher

Question 21

Scaffolding

Answer 21

a smarter person helps a dumber person

Question 22

Postconventional

Answer 22

person moves beyond the perspective of his/her own society

Question 23

Conventional

Answer 23

person judging the morality of actions by comparing them to society’s views/expectations

Question 24

Preconventional

Answer 24

morality is uncontrolled

Question 25

What was psychologist Carol Gilligan's main issue with Kohlberg's theory?

Answer 25

she believed that theory was biased against women

Question 26

What were the results of Harlow's experiment? What does this tell us about attachment?

Answer 26

it states that a mother's love is not physical, but emotional. it told us that the younger the child, the more crucial need for comfort

Question 27

Secure Attachment

Answer 27

children who show some distress when mother leaves but are able to compose themselves quickly when mother comes back

Question 28

Insecure Attachment

Answer 28

lack of trust and comfort in mother

Question 29

Authoritarian

Answer 29

the "military" dad and "tiger" mom

Question 30

Authoritative

Answer 30

the "best" parenting style

Question 31

Permissive

Answer 31

the "best friend" parent

Question 32

Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 32

learn to trust their mother will meet their needs 0-1 years

Question 33

Autonomy vs Doubt

Answer 33

focus on developing self-control 1-2 years

Question 34

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 34

sense of purpose and develop leadership skills, failure leads to guilt 3-5 years

Question 35

Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 35

develop a sense of pride in accomplishments 6-puberty

Question 36

Identity vs Role Confusion

Answer 36

develop a sense of self and identity teen-20s

Question 37

Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 37

physical abilities peak 20s-40s

Question 38

Generativity vs Stagnation

Answer 38

physical abilities decline, decline in fertility 40s-60s

Question 39

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Answer 39

senses deline 60s and up

Question 40

Gender Roles

Answer 40

how we're expected to act, speak, etc based on sex

Question 41

Gender

Answer 41

socially constructed characteristics of men and women

Question 42

Gender Identity

Answer 42

internal experience of gender

Question 43

Gender Schema

Answer 43

how people perceive how genders should act

Question 44

Gender-Role Stereotypes

Answer 44

roles that are socially assigned to men or women

Question 45

Stereotype Threat

Answer 45

risk of confirming negative stereotypes about race, gender, etc