Unit I - Scientific Foundations of Psychology

Question 1

Psychoanalytical

Answer 1

childhood

Question 2

Humanistic

Answer 2

feel will and choices

Question 3

Evolutionary

Answer 3

behavior, thought, feelings

Question 4

Biological

Answer 4

mental processes

Question 5

Cognitive

Answer 5

thinking

Question 6

Biopsychosocial

Answer 6

thoughts, feelings, behaviors influencing health

Question 7

Sociocultural

Answer 7

society

Question 8

Case Study

Answer 8

one person is studied in depth

Question 9

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 9

observing behavior in natural environment

Question 10

Survey

Answer 10

questionnaires/interviews used to gather info

Question 11

Sample

Answer 11

random selection

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

entire group of people

Question 13

Random Selection

Answer 13

choosing random people to be in the study

Question 14

Correlational Study

Answer 14

finding relationship between multiple variables

Question 15

Correlational Coefficient

Answer 15

number that indicates strength of a correlational relationship

Question 16

Experimental Study

Answer 16

applying experimental research methods to study behavior

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

testable explanation of relationship between multiple events

Question 18

Independent Variable

Answer 18

factor that is being manipulated

Question 19

Dependent Variable

Answer 19

factor that is depending on the IV

Question 20

Confounding Variable

Answer 20

factor that could affect the results of experiment

Question 21

Operational Definition

Answer 21

statement of the procedures of experiment

Question 22

Random Assignment

Answer 22

participants are put into groups randomly

Question 23

Control Group

Answer 23

group that is not manipulated

Question 24

Experimental Group

Answer 24

group exposed to treatment

Question 25

Placebo

Answer 25

people are told/given something to make them think they are receiving treatment

Question 26

Benefit of double-blind study

Answer 26

• participants and researchers don’t know group placement
• protects against placebo and experimenter effects

Question 27

Reliability

Answer 27

something stays the same, constant

Question 28

Validity

Answer 28

how well a test measures what it’s supposed to measure

Question 29

Statistical Significance

Answer 29

statement of how strong the experiment is

Question 30

Statistics

Answer 30

collection/analysis of data

Question 31

Inferential Statistics

Answer 31

researchers make inferences about collected data

Question 32

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 32

organize or summarize data

Question 33

Central Tendancy

Answer 33

statistic that identifies a single value as a representative of entire data

Question 34

Mean

Answer 34

average
- impacted by outliers
- it’s mean because it has outliers

Question 35

Median

Answer 35

middle score
- “medium”

Question 36

Mode

Answer 36

most frequent occurring score
- “most”

Question 37

Positively Skewed Curve

Answer 37

highest point early and then slowly down

Question 38

Normal Curve

Answer 38

highest point in very middle

Question 39

Negatively Skewed Curve

Answer 39

slowly up and highest point later

Question 40

Standard of Deviation

Answer 40

average difference between each of the values
- 1 standard deviation = 68%
- 2 standard deviations = 95%
- 3 standard deviations = 99.7%

Question 41

Range

Answer 41

difference between highest and lowest score
ex. 3, 5, 6, 12 = 9

Question 42

Belmont Report

Answer 42

statement of basic ethical principals