UNIT VI. BEHAVIORAL/SOCIAL LEARNING APPROACH

Question 1

argued that if psychology were to be a science, psychologist must stop examining mental states.

Answer 1

Behaviorism (JOHN BROADUS WATSON)

Question 2

can be observed, predicted and eventually controlled by scientists

Answer 2

overt behavior

Question 3

according to Watson, was the end product of our habit systems

Answer 3

Personality

Question 4

made no assumptions about behavior being caused by innate drives nor did he believe that complex behaviors, such as aggression, sympathy, altruism, jealousy and love are adequately accounted for by referring to human nature

Answer 4

Skinner

Question 5

refers to the process of strengthening the S-R(stimulusresponse) pattern by immediately following the response with the reinforcement stimulus.

Answer 5

Operant conditioning

Question 6

any stimulus that will maintain or increase the strength of a response.

Answer 6

Reinforcement

Question 7

Types of reinforcement (Skinner)

Answer 7

1. Positive(reward).
2. Negative
3. Punishment.

Question 8

refers to the presentation of the aversive stilmulus after a response. The aversive stimulus decreases the chances of the response recurring.

Answer 8

Positive punishment

Question 9

refers to the removal of reinforcing stimulus after a response. This removal stimulus decreases the response recurring.

Answer 9

Negative punishment

Question 10

This is a stimulus when presented acts to strengthen the behavior that it follows

Answer 10

Positive(reward)

Question 11

This stimulus is when presented, acts to diminish or extinguish the behavior that it follows. Extinction is a good example of negative reinforcement.

Answer 11

Negative

Question 12

An unpleasant or painful stimulus that is added to the environment after a certain behavior occurs, decreasing the likelihood that the behavior will occur again.

Answer 12

Punishment

Question 13

is the frequency and timing of reinforcement following a desired behavior.

Answer 13

Schedule of reinforcement

Question 14

a schedule providing a reward each time the desired behavior occurs.

Answer 14

Continuous reinforcement

Question 15

a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces some but not

all.

Answer 15

Partial reinforcement

Question 16

refers to the initial stage of learning some new pattern of responding.

Answer 16

Acquisition

Question 17

refers to the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of the desired response

Answer 17

Shaping

Question 18

refers to the gradual weakening and disappearance of a response tendency because the response is no longer followed by a reinforcer.

Answer 18

Extinction

Question 19

responding to a new stimulus as if it were the original.

Answer 19

Generalization

Question 20

feelings of love, anxiety, or fear can be studied but their observation is limited.

Answer 20

Inner states

Question 21

Skinner believed that humans not only have consciousness but are also aware of their consciousness, they are not only aware of their environment but also aware of themselves as part of the environment.

Answer 21

Self-awareness