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AP Human Geography > Unit V Review > Flashcards

Unit V Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Which services constitute upt o two-thirds of GDP in MDC”s?

A

Consumer/Public/Business

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2
Q

The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by what?

A

Placement of buildings around a central market square

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3
Q

Of the 10 largest urban areas in the world, how many are in MDCs today?

A

2

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4
Q

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

A

New England

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5
Q

The city-state is an example of what?

A

A state dominated by its major city

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6
Q

The minimum number of people needed to support a service

A

Threshold

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7
Q

According the the range concept of CPT, people should be willing to travel far for what and travel short distances for what?

A

Things not located in residential areas (ex. - airports, weddings, sports events) and services w/in the town (coffee, groceries, restaurant)

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8
Q

A linear community is the best location for a service i the

A

Median

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9
Q

Periodic markets feature

A

Vendors who move to serve more towns

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10
Q

The process of using comparable markets to help geographers predict the market share of a proposed new store is called the

A

Analog method

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11
Q

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are

A

Less numerous and farther apart

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12
Q

A market area is a good example of what kind of region?

A

Diverse

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13
Q

A primate city is

A

At least twice as large as the next smaller city

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14
Q

What is an example of a basic economic activity?

A

Steel Mill

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15
Q

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a b

A

Basic Industry

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16
Q

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is

A

Manufacturing of durable goods

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17
Q

What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDC’s?

A

Low wage rates and workers who can speak English

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18
Q

What is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services?

A

State capital

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19
Q

What tech. development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDC’s?

A

Telecommunications

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20
Q

Richard Florida’s research identified a relationship between the distribution of

A

Talent and Diversity

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21
Q

IF a country’s largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?

A

Primate City

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22
Q

The German Gewandorf settlement was observed by hat previously studied geographer?

A

Von Thunen

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23
Q

Sir George Carteret was granted land in which region of the US?

A

Carolinas

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24
Q

The enclosure movement in England coincided with hat other major world event?

A

Industrial Revolution

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25
Q

Paris and London are both examples of what?

A

Primate cities

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26
Q

German geographer Walter Christaller proposed what theory in the 1930’s?

A

Central Place Theory

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27
Q

In Latin America, women earn more money as what than what?

A

Prostitutes than room cleaners

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28
Q

Which has a further range in Dayton, OH - Kroger supermarkets or United Dairy Farmers convenience stores?

A

Kroger

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29
Q

To determine the _____ of a service, geographers observe consumer behavior

A

Range

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30
Q

According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related:

A

Directly to population and inversely to distance

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31
Q

Which of the following will NOT be found in Herfordshire, England?

A

South Offley

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32
Q

Hair dressers, social workers, and hotel workers fit into which service sector?

A

Consumer services

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33
Q

A primate city is…

A

At least twice as large as the next smaller city

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34
Q

A central place is a…

A

Market Center

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35
Q

In the French long-lot system, houses were erected along a…

A

River

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36
Q

What shape is best used to represent a market area?

A

Hexagon

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37
Q

What % of US jobs fit into the transportation services

A

6%

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38
Q

The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the…

A

Rank-size rule

39
Q

The area of the city where retail and office activities were historically clustered was the…

A

Central Business District

40
Q

Compared to the US, poor families in European cities are more likely to be…

A

Clustered in suburbs

41
Q

European CBD’s are similar to those in NA because they both contain

A

Retail and office activities

42
Q

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have…

A

Services for office workers

43
Q

The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its

A

High accessibility

44
Q

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

A

Competition for limited space

45
Q

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

A

Construction of skyscrapers

46
Q

Attractive to consumer and business services for its accessibility & is less important for retail because of changing shopping habits

A

CBD

47
Q

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical NA CBD?

A

Retail

48
Q

A land use typically excluded from a NA CBD is…

A

Industrial

49
Q

An example of the “vertical geography” of a CBD is…

A

A barber shop on the bottom floor of a building, an accounting form occupying the middle

50
Q

The zone in transition typically contains what?

A

Warehouses
Public Housing
Gentrified Buildings

51
Q

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of…

A

Rings

52
Q

Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located

A

On a flat prairie

53
Q

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in

A

A corridor from downtown to the edge of the city

54
Q

Social Area Analysis attempts to explain

A

The distribution of different types of people in a n urban area

55
Q

The multiple nuclei theory best explains why different neighborhoods of a city attract people of different

A

Ethnic origin

56
Q

All three models of urban structures…

A

Help explain why people live where they do in cities
Help explain where different types of people live in an urban area
Depend on the use of data, like that of the US Census

57
Q

Higher income people tend to live near the center of the city in all but which of the following regions?

Latin America
North America 
Africa 
Western Europe 
South Asia
A

North America

58
Q

Ramshackle houses on the periphery of cities in LDCs are known as

A

Squatter settlements

59
Q

Site

A

City’s exact location

60
Q

Situation

A

Location relative to surrounding areas

61
Q

A social philosophy advocating the removal of inequities among people

A

Egalitarianism

62
Q

Sanctified Societies

A

Levels of social classes

63
Q

Functions of early cities

A

Religious, Economic, and Cultural centers

64
Q

Agora

A

Market

65
Q

Primate Cities

A

Leading city; large and dominant/expressive of national culture - may be capital

66
Q

Examples of primate cities

A

London, Paris, Mexico City, Rome

67
Q

What is the hierarchy of urban centers based on?

A

Size and function

68
Q

Hamlet

A

Few services

69
Q

Village

A

Dozens of services (more specialization)

70
Q

Town

A

More services/specialization w/in a hinterland

71
Q

City

A

More specialization/larger hinterland/greater centrality (ex.- CBD and downtown)

72
Q

MEGA CITY

A

Megalopolis - great city/located in LOC (Ex. - Bosnywash - 1/4 of US population on 2% of land)

73
Q

World City

A

Most important stock exchanges (Ex- NYC/London/Singapore/Hong Kong)

74
Q

Agglomeration

A

Shared talents, services, and facilities; when industries locate near one another

75
Q

John Borchert analyzed urbanization in NA based on the impact of what two factors?

A

Transportation and Communication

76
Q

Rank-size rule

A

Population of a city/town will be inversely proportional to rank in hierarchy

77
Q

Rank-size rule models have more what and less what?

A

Many villages and fewer cities

78
Q

When does rank-size rule occur?

A

When a country doesn’t have a primate city

79
Q

Binary Distribution

A

When a country has to large cities of similar size; rank -size rule may apply regionally

80
Q

Basic Sector

A

Work that results in exports and inflowing of money (ex- manufacturing/producing products that generate money)

81
Q

Non-basic sector

A

Services responsible for the function of the city (ex- firefighters/police

82
Q

Centrality

A

Strength of an urban center to attract producers and consumers

83
Q

Who created the Central Place Theory?

A

Walter Christaller

84
Q

Urban model - every place has a surrounding…

A

Complementary region - exclusive hinterland w/in reach

85
Q

Effects of central place model

A

Ranks of urban places form an orderly hierarchy of central places in spatial balance

86
Q

What are some assumptions made by the Central Place Model?

A

Even distribution of people/purchasing power, uniform transportation network, flat area w/no barriers

87
Q

Gravity Model

A

Predicts that potential use of a G or S at a location is directly related to population and inversely to distance - people travel to access G or S

88
Q

Concentric Zone Model

A
  1. CBD
  2. Zone of transition
  3. Independent worker homes
  4. Zone of better residences
  5. Zone of commuters/suburbs
89
Q

Example of CZM

A

Chicago - dynamic (as city grows, inner rings affect outer rings)

90
Q

Hoyt’s Sector Model

A
  1. Low income homes near railroad tracks
  2. Commercial business near main roads
  3. Wedge patterns grow
  4. Main focus is transportation
91
Q

Multiple Nuclei Model

A
  1. Specialized Cells of Activity
  2. Similar economic activity together
  3. Heavy industry located near edge of city
  4. Small service centers in suburbs
92
Q

3 types of CBD’s

A

Colonial (Vertical Devlp)
Traditional (singly-story, some traditional architecture)
Market Zone (open-air, commerce by curbside or stalls)

93
Q

Do residences tend to get richer or poorer as they move farther from the CBD?

A

Poorer

94
Q

Strong ___ neighborhoods and ___ ethnic neighborhoods

A

Ethnic; mixed

AP Human Geography (21 decks)

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