Ch. 2 Vocab Flashcards
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
Epidemiology
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiologic Transition
The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Ecumemene
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Doubling Time
The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Dependency Ratio
The scientific study of population characteristics
Demography
The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rate and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total poplation
Demographic Transition
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in society
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
A complete enumeration of a population
Cencus
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Arithmetic Density
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Agricultural Revolution
The ratio of the total number of farmers to the total number of land suitable for agriculture
Agricultural Density
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
Zero Population Growth
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Sex Ratio
A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
Population Pyramid
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Physiological Density
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Pandemic
The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Overpopulation
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and heal their lives
Medical Revolution
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions
Life Expectancy
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1000 live births in a society
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Industrial Revolution
