Unit Two- 2.2 Nucleic Acid Flashcards
what does nucleic acid do
-make up genetic info
-pass along code for making proteins
-long polymers made of subunits of nucleotides
what are the two types of nucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic (DNA)- double helix
ribonucleic acid (RNA)- 1 strand
what is nucleic acid made of
-phosphate group
-sugar
-nitrogen base
how many chromosome in human cell (not sex cells)
46 chromosomes
how many chromosomes in sex cells
23… they need to mate to make 46
what does DNA makeup
chromosomes in cells
what are genes.. where are they/what do they do
-short segments on chromosomes
-code for characteristics
ex: eye colour
what is a DNA molecule made of
2 long nucleotide chains that are connected through nitrogen bases
the 4 different nitrogenous bases are
T- Thymine
C- Cytosine
A- Adenine
G- Gaunine
when nitrogenous bases are connected in a double stranded DNA molecule they can ONlY connect by
A binds with T
C binds with G
*apples in the trees, cars in the garage
who proposed the double stranded helix model of DNA
Watson & Crick
What is a simplified process of DNA Replication
-DNA makes copy of itself by unwinding and unzipping
-results in two single strands
-these strands then make another strand by combining free nucleotides with the nucleus according to a,c,g,t
*results in 2 identical double stranded molecules
*Semi-conservative model
how is RNA different from DNA
-single stranded molecule
-extra oxygen
-uses N-base URACIL instead of Thymine
RNA formation/replication
-when DNA unzips it COULD make RNA
-DNA transfers code to RNA molecule following C-G A-U
-Once complete, RNA leaves nucleus and finds ribosome to start making necessary protein
