Unit Four- Human Digestion

Question 1

palate

Answer 1

roof our mouth

Question 2

what structures in mouth

Answer 2

-teeth
-tongue
-palate
-uvula
-pharynx

Question 3

what are taste buds

Answer 3

chemoreceptor cells called papillae

Question 4

what is the throat called

Answer 4

pharynx

Question 5

how many salivary glands are there

Answer 5

3

Question 6

what is saliva made of

Answer 6

water and mucus

Question 7

what is salivary amylase + purpose

Answer 7

-digestive enzyme in saliva
-chemical digestion of large carbohydrates

Question 8

what can disrupt enzyme function… what is it called

Answer 8

*denaturation
temperature or pH changes making them non-functional

Question 9

what does the epiglottis do

Answer 9

closes over the trachea (throat) so food can’t get it

Question 10

what covers the nasal cavity

Answer 10

uvula and soft plate

Question 11

what two muscles are in the esophagus

Answer 11

longitudinal- up & down

circular- across

Question 12

what is peristalsis

Answer 12

muscular action on the esophagus to bring food down to stomach

Question 13

what side is the stomach on

Answer 13

slightly left

Question 14

what are 3 stomach muscles

Answer 14

circular

longitudal

oblique

Question 15

what is gastric juice made of

Answer 15

-water
-mucus
-hydrochloric acid
-pepsinogen (enzyme)

Question 16

what id hydrochloric acids functions

Answer 16

-kill ingested bacteria

-convert inactive pepsinogen to active pepsin

Question 17

what is pepsin

Answer 17

-active pepsinogen
-enzyme specific to proteins
-hydrolyzes to release individual amino acids

Question 18

what is partially digested food that leaves the stomach called

Answer 18

chyme

Question 19

what causes gastric ulcers

Answer 19

bacterium called helicobacter pylori

Question 20

how is the small intestine attached

Answer 20

messer’s tissue

Question 21

how many sections is the small intestine made of

Answer 21

3

Question 22

what are fold in the small intestine

Answer 22

vili to increase surface area for maximum surface area & absorption of nutrients

Question 23

capillaries in small intestine

Answer 23

absorb glucose, amino acids
, etc

Question 24

a lateral in small intestine that

Answer 24

absorb glycerol and fatty acids

Question 25

glands in small intestine

Answer 25

secrete mucus and enzymes

Question 26

microvilli in small intestine

Answer 26

hair like extensions of vili cells to increase surface area

Question 27

two jobs of small intestine

Answer 27

hydrolysis- enzymes chemically break down nutrients into monomer subunits

absorption- absorb nutrients into bloodstream

Question 28

what are accessories organs of small intestine

Answer 28

-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

*NO food travels through

Question 29

bile (where is it made/stored)

Answer 29

liquid made in liver

stored in gall bladder

secreted into small intestine through duct

Question 30

what does bile do

Answer 30

emulsifying- physically breaks down large fat globules

Question 31

what does pancreas do

Answer 31

-release secretions of various digestive enzymes
-secretes basic solution of sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 32

what does temperature do to enzymes

Answer 32

-high temps make chemical bonds weak and can’t maintain shape

Question 33

what is the large intestine also called

Answer 33

colon or bowel

Question 34

what are 3 portions of large intestine

Answer 34

ascending- goes up
transverse- goes side ways
descending- goes down

Question 35

what separates the small and large intestine

Answer 35

ileocaecal valve

Question 36

what is the caecum

Answer 36

beginning of ascending colon, slows down transport of materials

Question 37

where is the appendix

Answer 37

under the caecum

Question 38

three jobs of large intestine

Answer 38

-reabsorb water
-produce vitamins
-release solid waste