Unit Four- Digestion

Question 1

what is digestion

Answer 1

the process of breaking down food

Question 2

do autotrophs digest

Answer 2

no, they make their own food by using inorganic material (plants)

Question 3

what are the types of heterotrophs

Answer 3

-carnivores
-omnivores
-herbivores

Question 4

what are 4 types of feeding

Answer 4

-suspension/filter feeding
-substrate feeding
-fluid feeding
-bulk feeding

Question 5

what is suspension/fluid feeding

Answer 5

food is filtered from water by passing water over a specialized structure

ex. whales

Question 6

what is substrate feeding

Answer 6

organism lives on or in their food source… eat their way through

ex caterpillars

Question 7

what is fluid feeding

Answer 7

nutrients obtained by sucking out the juices

ex misquotes

Question 8

what is bulk feeding

Answer 8

eating pieces or swallowing whole

*most mammals including humans

Question 9

what is the food process

Answer 9

1. ingestion
   2.digestion
   3.absorption
2. elimination

Question 10

what is ingestion

Answer 10

process of taking food into the body

Question 11

what is digestion

Answer 11

braking down food into molecules small enough to absorb

Question 12

two types of digestion

Answer 12

mechanical and chemical

Question 13

process of chemical digestion

Answer 13

*carried out by enzymes (specialty catalyst)
-break down large organic molecules using hydrolysis

Question 14

what is hydrolysis

Answer 14

-when enzymes break down large organic molecules in food

*a water mole life is added that breaks the chemical bond that holds it together

*hydro=water lysis=loosen/breakdown

Question 15

what are the 4 categories of macromolecules

Answer 15

-carbohydrates
-proteins
-lipids
-nucleic acid

Question 16

what are macromolecules made of

Answer 16

-subunits called monomers, combine to form chains called polymers

Question 17

what do carbohydrates contain and what are they called

Answer 17

ONLY carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

—> monomers called monosaccharides

Question 18

what do two monosaccharides combine to make

Answer 18

disaccharide

Question 19

what do multiple monosaccharides combine to make

Answer 19

polysaccharides

Question 20

what are proteins composed of and what do they do

Answer 20

-long chains of amino acid (monomer)

-linear chain of aminos acids is called polypeptide

-polypeptide folds into a specific structure to be a functional protein

Question 21

characteristic of a lipid

Answer 21

ALL are hydrophobic

Question 22

3 types of lipid

Answer 22

triglycerides

phospholipids

sterols

Question 23

what is a triglyceride made of

Answer 23

*lipid

-3 fatty acid molecules & 1 glycerol

Question 24

what is nucleic acid made of

Answer 24

monomers called nucleotides

-phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 25

what happens in absorption

Answer 25

-AFTER macromolecules have been chemically digested, products are absorbed by cells

DURING: nutrients travel in blood, to become part of tissue of body (assimilated)

Question 26

what happens during elimination

Answer 26

passing of undigested material out of digestive tract

Question 27

how much of body mass does water makeup

Answer 27

2/3

Question 28

waters roles

Answer 28

-transport nutrients that line small intestine
-flush out toxins
-lubricates tissues and joints
-form body fluids (blood & mucus)
-regulate body temp
-eliminate waste