Unit Four- Digestion Flashcards
what is digestion
the process of breaking down food
do autotrophs digest
no, they make their own food by using inorganic material (plants)
what are the types of heterotrophs
-carnivores
-omnivores
-herbivores
what are 4 types of feeding
-suspension/filter feeding
-substrate feeding
-fluid feeding
-bulk feeding
what is suspension/fluid feeding
food is filtered from water by passing water over a specialized structure
ex. whales
what is substrate feeding
organism lives on or in their food source… eat their way through
ex caterpillars
what is fluid feeding
nutrients obtained by sucking out the juices
ex misquotes
what is bulk feeding
eating pieces or swallowing whole
*most mammals including humans
what is the food process
- ingestion
2.digestion
3.absorption - elimination
what is ingestion
process of taking food into the body
what is digestion
braking down food into molecules small enough to absorb
two types of digestion
mechanical and chemical
process of chemical digestion
*carried out by enzymes (specialty catalyst)
-break down large organic molecules using hydrolysis
what is hydrolysis
-when enzymes break down large organic molecules in food
*a water mole life is added that breaks the chemical bond that holds it together
*hydro=water lysis=loosen/breakdown
what are the 4 categories of macromolecules
-carbohydrates
-proteins
-lipids
-nucleic acid
what are macromolecules made of
-subunits called monomers, combine to form chains called polymers
what do carbohydrates contain and what are they called
ONLY carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
—> monomers called monosaccharides
what do two monosaccharides combine to make
disaccharide
what do multiple monosaccharides combine to make
polysaccharides
what are proteins composed of and what do they do
-long chains of amino acid (monomer)
-linear chain of aminos acids is called polypeptide
-polypeptide folds into a specific structure to be a functional protein
characteristic of a lipid
ALL are hydrophobic
3 types of lipid
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
what is a triglyceride made of
*lipid
-3 fatty acid molecules & 1 glycerol
what is nucleic acid made of
monomers called nucleotides
-phosphate group, sugar, and a nitrogenous base
what happens in absorption
-AFTER macromolecules have been chemically digested, products are absorbed by cells
DURING: nutrients travel in blood, to become part of tissue of body (assimilated)
what happens during elimination
passing of undigested material out of digestive tract
how much of body mass does water makeup
2/3
waters roles
-transport nutrients that line small intestine
-flush out toxins
-lubricates tissues and joints
-form body fluids (blood & mucus)
-regulate body temp
-eliminate waste
