Unit one reflexes Flashcards
The two types of movement newborn babies have are
Spontaneous movement and reflexive movement
What things can influence the development of the infant
Stimulation, nutrition, genetics, social environment, pathology
What is spontaneous movement
Jerky slow because of the incomplete myelination babies are jittery; without this spontaneous movement there will definitely be a bad outcome
What is reflexive movement
0-2
Spinal
Smoother efferent sensory neurons go into the dorsal root ganglia into the spine and efferent neurons send a message to the muscles the reflex so it’s less jittery and more fluid
What is the flexor withdrawal reflex -supine
0-2
Spinal
With the baby supine a noxious stimulus to the side of 1 foot
responds with the withdrawal of the stimulated lower extremity from the stimulus
Test both LES; between birth to two months at spinal level
What is the gallant reflex (paravertebrals) prone
0-2
Spinal
The babies and to prune the paravertebral’s 2 inches on either side the trunk will turn concave towards the stimulus
after two months this is integrated
it is at the spinal root level
Helps with crawling and walking
If reflex persists with older children it can affect posture, ineffective posture, coordination, Big wedding, attention, and the ability to sit still
What is the placing reflex - vertical
0-2 months
Spinal Level
The baby is still vertically you stimulate the dorsum of the foot and you actually go to the edge of the table as you live the baby up the top of the fruit will hit the table and it will stimulate the infant to flex his leg and actually step up onto the surface; this can also be done to the hand if you brush the hand to open up to his fingers if they had their fists clenched you touch the posterior surface of the hand and they will open their hands
What is the stepping reflex/walking reflex - vertical
0-2
Spinal
0-2 months
Spinal level
Support the child in the vertical position with their feet resting on the floor them slightly leaning forward move them and they should respond at all to me in rhythmic stepping you want to test both sides
Is the positive supporting reflex - vertical
0-2
Spinal
0-2 min; spinal level
Hello from contact with the child be with the floors just put them vertically; bilateral lower extremity is extend the contraction of the flexors and extensors and weight bearing
What is the plantar reflex or the Babinski sign- supine
0-9
Spinal Level
Patient is the lateral aspect of the side of the foot from heel to toe toes look stand on the stimulated foot but in an adult toes will curl which indicates something is wrong; can stroke lateral aspect f hands as well
0-9 months
Spinal level
What is the plantar grasp reflex - supine & voluntary
0-9 (4-6 months Palmer)
Spinal
Position is supplying test but putting firm pressure against the plantar surface of the Charles foot below the toes just eat foot in the plantarflexion of all toes will be the result can also test the Palmer grasp reflex.; which will facilitate the child grabbing a rattle but if this is persistent they will have problems later
this occurs from birth to nine months & at the spinal root level
What is the Moro reflex/ startle 30’ head drop supine - end of session
0-6
Medulla
This is also known as the startle reflex
Patient Mrs. Pauline quickly will to pitch a Backwood to allow a 30° Hedra the child should start a pic with the extending abducting shoulders extending and abducting fingers and then crying into three seconds to shooters with flex 80 death and to bring the upper
extremity back up to the chest
If this persists in the older child can be associated with hypersensitivity, anxiety, emotional and social immaturity, allergies for adaptability and distractibility
0-5 months; medulla
What is the suck swallow reflex supine
0-5
Medulla
Position in supine
Finger in the child’s mouth and they’ll respond via rhythmics sucking and a spontaneous swallow
What is ATNR asymmetrical tonic neck reflex supine (visual traction-cheerleading pose)
0-6
Medulla
*if they can’t roll over - May delay
Position is the time to enhance later one side and hold gently the arm on the skull side will flex and same side leg will fles
athe face side will extend ; fencing
A child who has this will not be able to role-play with both hands
- if a person has hard time getting into a certain position
If ATNR remains at a later age it can affect: Visual tracking will be more difficult, right-handed child may find it difficult to write on the left side of the page, hand I coordination
What is the symmetrical tonic neck reflex STNR? Supine over knees
4-12 months
Medulla
*cant crawl if this reflex is delayed - will scoot or bunny hop because they can get up onto their legs like they should in the reflex is prominent
UPPER -Lower rather than right left extremity difference
Supine neck flexes (over knees prone or quadruped)/ prone neck extends
Testing the passive or active Neck extension & flexion
the responses = the neck extension produces UE extension and LE flexion and when the neck flexion causes the UE to flex and LE extend
If this remains will have problems integrating upper and lower portions of the body; sitting posture will slump; have poor hand I coronation)
What is the tonic labyrinthine reflex TLR? Supine/ prone
0-6
Medulla
*if reflex not present might get stuck in fetal position
Supine- exhibiting extensor tone- elongated
prone = exhibiting flexor tone - fetal
Tummy time they curl up
Passively attempt to lift the child head from the surface they may have poor muscle tone if this is present
When baby looks up the tonic labyrinthine reflex causes the baby to straighten their legs and arms and extend them
When baby goes down his limbs should fold in and flex - tummy time
If this is present and not integrated child will not be able to have good balance, have motion sickness, difficulty with sequencing, mix up letters (b,d; p,q)
Rooting reflex supine
Pons
0-3
Stroke upper lip / lower lip toward cheek
Head turn
Mouth opens, neck extends/ mouth opens, neck flexes
Tracking reflex - sit to supine
Pons
0-3
Pull at wrists and pull child to sitting
Response - flex shldrs, elbows, wrists, fingers
Landau reflex
Medulla
5 months
Prone- body righting against gravity
Appear to be ‘flying’
Children with too much abduction at hips
* if reflex does not occur it can indicate a motor development issues: See in children with Low tone Down syndrome or CP
Crossed extrension
/same test as flexor response
0-2/3 months
Spinal cord
-gets us ready for stepping on something that hurts
Rt foot extends as left foot flexes from stepping on sharp object
Stim on left - leg flexes - opposite extends
Primitive reflexes
Provide a Stimulus leads to reaction/ response Flexor withdrawal Galant Placing Stepping Plantar / babinski Palmar grasp Moro Rooting Traction
Not primitive reflexes
Stimulate movement - get a position and holding pattern:
Crossed extension (flexor withdrawal)
Positive support reflex
Suck swallow reflex
Positive support reflex
Vertical / not leaning forward like stepping
Tries to stand- not sinking down
We hold them but they give resistance to stand
Suck swallow reflex
Stim on lip gets them to open mouth
Stim on tongue- swallow and such initates
Eventually do on own
Reflexes integrated
We should be able to take volition all control over the movement.
Start to develop REACTIONS after reflexes Righting Support Protective Equilibrium
Head righting
Trunk righting
These are postural responses that continue into adulthood
These are used to maintain balance
Righting reactions
Babies want to see works straight
Head righting
Prone - lift head up
Supine - head up
Want to see world straight
Side to side - tilt baby/ orient head level
Support reactions
Prone
Sitting
Quads
As child develops body part that comes into contact to maintain position
Protective reactions
COG OUTSIDE BOS
Lose center of balance
Fall over catch ourselves with arms
Extend extremity to maintain balance - RAPID
- Downward (4 m)
- Forward (UE 6 m)
- Sideways (UE 7 m)
- Backward (UE 9 m)
- Stepping (LE- 15 m)
Equilibrium reactions - slow
COG / BOS
Twisting motion/ dissociation between trunk to get back to midline
Rotational component and protective component so we stay in BOS and don’t lose our balance
Incorporates righting reactions -use rotational component and
PRONE 6m
Supine 7-8
Sitting 7-8
Quadruped 9-12
Standing 12-24
Do this in each position as they developing
Nasher’s model of postural control - to maintain balance
Usually adults
Ankle strategy- body sways: starts at feet up (small perturbation)
Hip strategy - balance beam: starts from hips down ( knocked off balance)
Stepping strategy- body takes a step in order to prevent. (Big perturbation)
Theories of motor development
Neural/maturation development-as u mature your nervous system matures / no external involvement
Cognitive development - uses environment - based on how we perceive the environment
Dynamic systems - environment, neural and social are all integrated : all involved with how we develop
Reflexes could be…
Lacking: don’t have them
Persistent: reflex not being integrated
Developmental principles
Natural environment
Cephalocaudal
Proximodistal -
General to specific
